Realization of comparative advantages of countries in the agro-industrial sector as a factor in strengthening their positions in global markets

Abstract

The article examines methods for determining a country’s comparative advantages in international food markets. It should be noted that the strategic development of the agro-industrial complex in line with global trends allows for a balanced foreign economic policy and creates additional momentum for both economic growth and strengthening the country’s position on the international stage. In this regard, it is becoming increasingly important to analyze the comparative advantages of countries in the agri-food markets. The methodology relies on factor analysis of export growth, encompassing its split into diversification and consolidation, along with intensive and extended development. The authors provide a summary of both domestic and international studies on this subject. The article explores Kazakhstan as a case study to analyze the implementation of the Balassa index in evaluating export competitiveness and identifying its growth drivers and potential. The article concludes with recommendations on applying these findings to increase the export of agricultural products in the CIS and EAEU countries.