Ranchin Andrey

The article deals with the diplomatic service and the censoring of the famous Russian poet Fyodor Tyutchev (1803-1873), as well as his historiosophic and journalistic writings, the publication of which were supported by the Russian government. The diplomatic career of Tyutchev certainly shows that he was not born into the public service - where inefficiency and neglect of duty had developed and which were totally unacceptable in this field. His the diplomatic service in Western Europe, especially in Germany, attracted him for other reasons - Tyutchev in temperament and habits was extremely European and was rooted in the German culture. The successful rise and promotion of Tyutchevs’ career since the mid-1840s was related to his discovered talent at this time as a political publicist. At the same time and during his service, he displayed a wealth of knowledge, and a rare mind (and of which the exposition of these qualities were illustrated, probably not so much in the preparation of Tyutchevs’ dispatches - he himself wrote little by way of documents but by way of his oral interviews.) Historiosophicaly his ideas were expressed by way of political articles and poems. Tyutchevs’ historical philosophy fed ideas of the German idealist philosophy, especially that of Schelling’s. Schellingism had a nutritious source of natural philosophy in which Tyutchev in his - lyrics devoted to nature and man as its breakaway particle. The imperial historiosophy of Tyutchev had also been very deep and not officious in its character.

The article examines the public service of Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837). The author considers the uneasy relationship between Pushkin and the public service, in his role as poet and as a hereditary nobleman and the conflict with Count, M.S. Vorontsov, arising on the basis of such relationship. The author delves as to the role of the poet as an informal adviser to Emperor Nicholas I, as well as his role as a court historian. The poet was thought of as a man endowed with a special status, but did such status for the Russian writer correspond with his social status of hereditary nobleman, and of the poet's dignity corresponding with his personal honor and noble identity. The honor of the poet or the scholar, not of the hereditary nobleman, according to Pushkin, shall not be damaged if it is found within the auspices of patronage, but he acknowledges himself that such patronage as unacceptable for a nobleman emanating from a noble family. By way of exception is the - patronage of (“encouragement”) by the Tzar. The ranking of nobility for Pushkin in this instance is not significant. Pushkin was guided by such relationships as between the Tzar and monarch which had developed with the courtier historian N.M, Karamzim and Alexander I. Consideration is given by the author herein of the work of A.S. Pushkin in his discourse “On the national education” (1826), which is one of the examples of his work in the public service.

The article considers the problems of self-identity apperceptions of the outstanding Russian poet Gavrila Derzhavin (1743- 1816), who held high government posts (he was the first minister of justice in Russian history) and zealously performed his official duties; whilst performing the role of poet, a complex and intricate conjunction and relationship which the author analyzes. It is demonstrated that between these two roles there exists a correlation of probity and dynamic unity. Neither before nor after Gavrila Derzhavin, have any of the Russian writers were able to fully comprehended so inherent and fundamentally dynamic mission.