Prokhorov Andrey

In modern state-science literature, the political-economic approach to the study of the history of public administration hasnot been widely adopted. Meanwhile, the fruitfulness of this approach is to expand research issues and attract data of relatedsciences, which makes it possible to obtain more informed and reasoned conclusions. This article attempts to consider the economicbasis of such a political-managerial phenomenon as the separation of power and property. This phenomenon is a characteristic of socio-economic and political trait of feudalism. Under its influence the formation of a feudal economy took place, society wasstructured and state administration was organized. The transfer of land to the peasant led to the concentration in the hands of thelatter of all the main means of production and gave rise to self-sufficiency and economic independence of the peasant householdfrom the feudal lord. The land holdings of peasants and the ownership of labor instruments required social and legal registration and,therefore, made it necessary to recognize feudal-dependent peasants as subjects of law. The formation of a new type of landownership, which turned peasants into obligated landholders, in socio-economic terms, meant the emergence of the basic feudalland dependence of the peasants, which later became the basis for all other forms of dependence. But the emergence of land,economic in its essence, the dependence of the peasants on the feudal lord did not violate the economic independence of thepeasant economy.

The purpose of this article is to consider the general causes and conditions of occurrence, as well as the organizational features of the earliest proto-state authority - the institution of the military warchief. The genesis of this institution was due to the crisis of the late clan system. As a factual basis, the article used data on the late clan society of the Germans and Slavs. The author identifies common causes of politogenesis (origin of government). This, in turn, involves consideration of the main power-organizational and political-administrative processes that took place during the decomposition of the late tribal system. The substantial analysis of these processes allows us to establish that the tribal authorities at the last stage of their existence were faced with a crisis of control caused by a profound transformation of the object of management (the tribal community) and the loss of power capabilities of the managing subject. The way out of the crisis of controllability was the creation within the tribe of a constantly operating authority based not on local (communal-clan), but on territorial principle. The socio-economic and political processes of the late clan system caused a situation in which only a military warchief's institute could be such an authority. The territorial organization of the power of the military warchief gives reason to see in this governing body the first proto-state institution, i.e. an institution that contained the organizational beginning of state power. The emergence of such an institution (with a fundamentally different amount of competence) inevitably caused conflicts and regulatory conflicts between it and the old tribal authorities. Strengthening the power of the military warchief occurred in the process of formation of a new socially significant tribal group -druzhina and the emergence of allied tribal formations.

This article analyzes the definition of a federal state in its most common interpretation in scientific and educational literature. The author offers his understanding of the time, conditions of occurrence and the essential characteristics of a federal state. Federalism according to the author, is part of the structured rule of law and separation of powers represented «vertically». The essence of a federative structure of a state is not in the union of regions and territories (resulting in a unitary state), but rather in creating a two-tier system of government - that of the federation and the other relating to the subjects of the federation.