Ternovaya Lyudmila

Sport has long been the means of solving the problems in world politics. One of the first games that showed the possibility of combining different spheres of human activity was chess. The article examines the history of the development of chess, patterns and features of this intellectual game through the prism of geopolitical interests. The author draws an analogy between the mental efforts of the players and the activities of diplomats, finds common features in the strategy of the game and in international politics in defending state interests. It is proposed to consider the field of the chess game as a battlefield or geopolitical map of influence, the rules of the game on which are established by the strongest countries. Opponents demonstrate strength, endurance, and character that are necessary for any sport. The importance of anticipating a variety of options in this rivalry is easily extrapolated to socio-political realities. Chess reflects the images of spatial and social organization that are important to a person, and the rules of the game have much in common with the strategy of behavior of the main actors. Chess was highly valued during times of social transformations; this was manifested in the desire not to ban the game as a legacy of the past, but on the contrary, to make it a symbol of the ongoing changes. This policy was followed by the French revolutionaries of the 18th century and the Russian Bolsheviks at the beginning of the 20th century. Despite the open appearance of confrontation, chess games are well reminiscent of diplomacy, which consists of closeness and seclusion. According to some political scientists, we can easily compare the chess game can with the strategic management of geopolitical interests.

This article continues a series of publications in the journal ‘Gosudarstvennaya sluzhba', devoted to the problem of global food security and examining it from historical, cultural and geopolitical perspectives. This paper analyzes the history of the creation and distribution of candies, which not only help to create a joyful mood, cause positive emotions, but also serve as a means of communication. By connecting people from different countries and cultures, they convey information about their lives through a rich language of symbols, including taste and visual. Confectionery products are a constant attribute of any holiday - both personal and public. Candy has become an integral part of the diplomatic protocol. The breadth and variety of confectionery products allows them to be used as a carrier of educational information. Outstanding confectioners worked on the production of sweets, and well-known artists were attracted to the design of wrappers and boxes for these products, which increased the impact on the consumer. Confectionery products have become a powerful tool of political propaganda. According to them, as a valuable source of the history of everyday life, it is possible to judge social and political moods of society and ability of the government to catch these moods. Confectionery in a bizarre way bind countries and peoples, while they always perform several functions at once, including propaganda, which is especially in demand during periods of international crises.

Choir is sometimes called the prototype of an ideal society. Choral singing has been known since ancient times. In religious and secular traditions, it has always played the role of uniting people. Russian choral tradition originates in Byzantine spiritual music. But very quickly Russia began to form its own choral culture, which was supported by all segments of society. Singing in the choir not only made it possible for a person to feel his/her unity with surrounding people and nature, but it also gave the new strength. That's why it was so often during the years of military trials that outstanding music works for the choir were born. They encouraged the fighters who were going to fight. The period of the Patriotic War of 1812 is associated with the creation of many well-known choral collectives. In 1941, at the Belorussian station Krasnoznamennaya Red Army Song and Dance ensemble of the USSR had first performed the “Svyashchennaya voyna” (“Sacred War”) - a song that became the anthem for the defense of the Motherland. But the choir also called for peace, choral singing became part of a prayer for peace. Choral singing commemorates the victims of terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Now choral singing is one of the directions for international cooperation. Since 2000, World Choral Games are held every two years. Songs of the Baltic countries are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Choral singing helps a person to feel involved in the state interests. Their understanding is expressed in choral singing of national anthems, which has become a good tradition in modern Russia.

The subject field of geopolitics covers all areas of international security, including food security. Its provision depends on the production and consumption of several key products. The fact that chocolate is included in their number is explained by its healing properties, known long ago, but received justification in the last century. Chocolate was actively used by the military, travelers. Chocolate was one of the goods that were supplied by Lend-Lease during the Great Patriotic War. This product is associated with an exciting history of its development in the Old World, which began five hundred years ago after the discovery of America. Having obtained the first cocoa beans Spain declared them a strategic product and banned the spread of raw materials and recipes of chocolate abroad. Other European countries have launched a battle for knowledge of producing chocolate. They succeeded in this competition, capturing new territories and markets. A rigid connection was created between the metropolitan countries and the colonies, which divided the roles of consumers of chocolate and producers of raw materials. After the collapse of the colonial empires the regulation of the relations of cocoa market participants entered a new stage. In today's world, there are international organizations seeking to help States improve their agricultural practices, ensure healthy nutrition and food security. Among them are international organizations on primary commodities. Unlike the organizations of hydrocarbon exporters, the International Cocoa Organization unites both producers and consumers of chocolate. The part of the geopolitical struggle was tough advertising for the promotion of national brands of chocolate on the world market. The holding frequency of the international conferences can be explained by the topicality of the problems, discussed by their participants. The agedna includes, first of all, the issues of the quality and the safety of the food products. ICCO developed the recomendations for the healthy rational nutrition taking into consideration the nutritive properties of cocoa and chocolate. The goals of environmental protection, improving the economical and social stability as the result of cultivation of cocoa are becoming the main topics of conversations.

The First World War was not just the first global military catastrophe; it fundamentally changed the perception of the man himself on the field of battle. The initial euphoria was quickly replaced by a military sense of the nightmare and horror. The answer to such a sensation was the formation of an antiwar manifestation, which gave force not to the actions of politicians but the talent of masters of culture and art.

International affairs, presented through the prism of folk and author of fairy tales, confirm in the full measure the summary of Alexander Pushkin’s fair tale: "Fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint, - that will teach a lesson to a fine fellow". In XXI century the fairy tale turns not only into means of interpretation of international realities, but instrument of economic politics and forming the states image.

This paper briefly show the history of the penetration of tea and coffee into the European continent and the features of formation of coffee culture and tea culture with opposing political, psychological and divergent geopolitical coordinates. Also specifics of coffee and tea mixed culture of Russia is defined.

The author devotes the article to international memoiristics. Most political personalities focus their memoirs on the issues of internal policy. The topic of war prevails in memoirs of an external policy nature. Memoirs of cultural figures allow to see their authors as citizens as well as creative personalities.

The seemingly superficial genre of animation is estimated by the author to have a considerable moral and aesthetic impact on generations of viewers, shaping national and even universal human values. The author reviews the history of animation and the use of the genre for ideological support of political regimes.

The author traces the connection between sport and art during the whole history of humanity, which emerged back in ancient times. She provides a thorough analysis of the presence of various spheres of art within the Olympic movement and the modern Olympic games, demonstrates the interrelation of sport and art, their mutual enrichment and their places in national politics of countries participating in the Olympics.

The author discusses the gradual transformation of historical knowledge in the historicism, the reasons for its occurrence, and about the origin in connection with the accelerated life beyond the historicism. The article raises the question of the criticism of historical sources to avoid falsification of history; the author stresses the danger of inclusion in the historical study the sources of counterfeit.

Dance, one of the most beautiful and mysterious forms of nonverbal communication, allows us to better understand one another, efface boundaries and transcend social and cultural limitations. The history of its emergence, development and expansion throughout the world serves as evidence to this.

The author introduces the reader to past and current travel and travelers of the East and West, North and South, reveals the distinction between the discovery of new lands and tourism. She provides a new perspective of the development of the travelogue as a special genre.

The author reveals the importance of the letter as a message form in different periods of history, focusing on the links between media, etiquette, styles of writing, secrecy of correspondence and the culture and traditions of particular periods. She touches upon issues of development and activity of postal services as well as the emergence of postal wars and measures to counter them

The author dwells on the history of music, its unifying role in human life and society as well as its political functions, namely to demonstrate the power of states and countries as embodied in the anthems of different countries, nations, commonwealths and organizations.

A multifaceted understanding of Space and its connection to Man has set the foundations for a multitude of diverse approaches to the study of this connection. The images of sky are reflected in myths, legends, tales of different peoples, religious and state symbols; the influence of Space remains an object of politics as well as science.

The 20^th century saw an unprecedented growth of the international women's movement. However, modern society still lacks a model of female participation in politics: women are still forced to play 'men's games', which is why there are still so few of them in the upper echelons of power.

The emergence of new communication channels and transformation of public policy into a show has brought about a rapid increase in the impact of cinematography on international social, political and economic processes. The motion picture has become a double-edged instrument of politics, capable both of creating a positive image for dictators and help people to be aware of their past, actively participate in modern life and outline the future.

Many public holidays around the world are observed to celebrate victories in wars and major battles. Victory Day, which marks the end of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 and is also celebrated as the end of the Second World War, holds a special place. However, the attitude of the leaders of world powers, including those that took part in these historical events, to this memorable date remains ambiguous.