Simonishvili Liya Robertovna

On the eve of the anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, the authors of the article examine the system of state power in the country, built in accordance with the provisions of the Basic law; analyze the state-legal model and the history of its construction. It is noted that the state-legal model of Russia reflects its historical and legal traditions, and the previous constitutions fixed and declared the goals and objectives of the relevant stages of the state development of the country. Offering to consider the retrospective of the events preceding the adoption of the Constitution, the authors demonstrate the regularity of the appearance of the document in the form in which it was put to the popular vote. The Constitution of 1993, drawing a line under the change of the political system in Russia and declaring the values of a free, sovereign, democratic state, reflected the confrontation of various political forces in the country, which enshrined in the provisions of the Constitution a certain imbalance of power. However, the authors come to the conclusion that the Constitution has the necessary flexibility, which gives stability to the political regime, and allows to develop the institutions of parliamentarism, executive bodies, judicial system. In addition, it is concluded that the Constitution has an organic perception of the historical features of the Russian system of power, which some call ‘Russian democracy', with its pronounced personalistic character.

The anniversary of the French Constitution gives timeliness to an attempt to revise the models of organization of state power reflected in it. Taking into account the approaching round date in the history of the Russian Constitution and the opinion shared by many researchers about the similarity of the Basic Laws of the two countries, the analysis of the origins of formation, the conditions of becoming, and the specifics of functioning of the French Constitution is extremely relevant. The paper considers the history of creating the document, the changes that it has undergone since its adoption, the fundamental distinctive features, methods and mechanisms of interaction between the branches of government. The Constitution of the Fifth Republic was adopted at a time of crisis for France. Analyzing the provisions enshrined in the Constitution, the authors come to the conclusion that, despite the difficulties of formation, the model of organization of state power in France has been formed. The complex nature allows it, depending on the political conjuncture, to become either parliamentary or presidential. This ensures the stability and efficiency of the model during periods of coexistence of the authorities and under presidential-parliamentary power.