BYSTRYAKOV ALEXANDER

The economic approach to the study of the crime as one of the modern trends in the development of the neo-institutional economics is considered in the article. Despite some similarities the authors reveal the differences between the criminal and civil law that allow you to show the limitations of the traditional theory of the criminal law and the necessity of considering the crime from the point of view of the economic theory. However, in situations when the absolute compensation of the harm is impossible the criminal law supplements the civil one. In the economic theory the behavior of the criminal is seen as rational, implying that if costs of the threatening punishment are higher than the expected benefits from the crime, the crime won't be committed. The economic models are applicable with the greatest validity to the situations of planned, premeditated and prepared crimes. The main feature of the economic approach to the study of the crime allows you to find the tools for suppression of certain crimes, and thus to minimize the social costs of crime.

The article is concerned with the issues of monetary policy impact on the economic security of the country. The authors come up with discussion on the transition of monetary policy from traditional regulation of monetary relations to stimulation of economic growth and national security provision in the new environment. Besides, the article highlights the trends, the problems and the contradictions of the monetary policy in Russia, and determines the ways of its “modernization” for the purposes of national economy development and economic security

The topical issues of the modern contradictory development of the financial markets are considered in the article, the presence of stable and developed financial markets, on the one hand, is indicated as having a positive impact on the economic development and growth, however, the development of the financial markets is connected with the increasing risks of instability and emergence of the crisis phenomena An important evaluation criterion of the development of the financial market of an individual country in the context of globalization is the activity of large, recognized financial centers on its territory. The second part of the article is devoted to the international comparison of the most famous financial centers in the world. The comparative analysis of the development of the regional financial markets and international financial centers is of interest, basing on this analysis the position of Moscow is ranked from the standpoint of the prospects of creating in Russia the international financial center.