Varnakova Lyudmila A.

The article examines corruption and the shadow economy as interrelated factors that exert a systemic impact on a state’s economic security. It reviews key theoretical approaches to understanding the nature of corruption. Based on a historical overview, the study traces the evolution of anti-corruption legislation in Russia from the 15th century to the present and analyzes the experience of countries that have achieved notable success in reducing corruption levels (China, Singapore, and the United States). Particular attention is given to the determinants of corruption in the Russian Federation, including economic, cultural, and institutional factors. The article highlights the need for comprehensive measures to improve Russia’s anti-corruption policies in light of modern digital challenges, as well as the importance of legal education for enhancing public legal awareness. The findings can contribute to the development and adjustment of national strategies aimed at combating corruption and mitigating the risks of the shadow economy.