demographic challenges,
population size,
total number of births,
fertility dynamics,
population decline,
life expectancy,
external and internal migration
Abstract
The article examines Russia’s current demographic challenges, which present significant obstacles for the development of the state and society. The author analyses the most pressing problems of modern demography in Russia and the Far Eastern Federal District. The study looks at internal and external migration, high mortality, low birth rates, population aging, and unequal population distribution. The Far Eastern Federal District and the whole Russian Federation show negative trends of demographic population growth. The author examines the primary reasons behind these challenges and suggests possible solutions. The article demonstrates the anticipated values for the primary demographic indicators. It is noted that in order to successfully overcome the demographic crisis it is necessary to coordinate the activities on all levels of government to implement a unified state policy of national saving. It should be comprehensive and include demographic measures (to stimulate fertility), compensatory measures (to compensate for lost income at childbirth) and support measures aimed at combating poverty and improving the living standards of families. The author points out that one of the key factors in increasing the birth rate is the confidence of families in the future, which means the need to develop a predictable state policy on fatherhood, motherhood and childhood.
