TRIAD OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT ‘UNIVERSITIES - MUNICIPALITIES - BUSINESS' IN TERRITORIAL CLUSTER POLICY: FRENCH EXPERIENCE

Abstract

Making a comparative analysis of the reforms of higher education and science in France and in Russia in recent years,we came to the conclusion that with the obvious progress of reforms in France in a number of areas, the link between educationand science, the introduction of their innovative results into practice, is much more successful. This is carried out within theframework of cluster policy, the development of competitiveness poles, technopolises. They became the basis for promoting a neweconomic development model based on the knowledge economy at the beginning of the 2000s. The new impetus to the rapiddevelopment of clusters in European countries was given by digitalization processes that penetrated into all areas of activity -scientific research, education, commercialization of ideas, production of new products. The close connection of science (university,academic), education (higher education institutions, their laboratories) and the development of territories (primarily cities) with thehelp of digital technologies becomes a commonplace, an engine of social progress. The growth points that appeared in differentregions, expanding as part of projects, were the successful result of a focused policy of supporting innovation, a way out of theeconomies of a number of European countries from permanent crises of the late 1990s, 2008-2009 years.