CADRES FOR THE TSAR AND THE STATE (XVIII CENTURY)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation of the system of educational institutions that trained civil servantsof the Russian Empire in the 18th century. The implementation of global government reforms at the beginning of the 18th centuryrequired a large number of competent officials. They had to be prepared for the future profession. Established in 1687, the Hellenic-Greek Academy (in 1701 - Slavic-Latin, and in 1775 - Slavic-Greek-Latin) Academy in Moscow, being, in fact, an ecclesiasticaleducational institution, did not solve the problem of training personnel for public administration. Peter I outlined the need for specialtraining for officials. He saw the prospect of developing the cadre of the state apparatus in filling it with educated noblemen, andthey were to be trained, first of all, by the central institutions themselves: the Senate, the most important colleges and chancelleries.The idea of this was contained in the General Regulations (1720), where there was an appeal to the nobility and petty official peopleto give their children in colleges and chancellery to study the science of order, and in the Table of Ranks (1722), which determinedthe order of training of noble young people, for which vacancies of the College-Junkers were opened in the institutions. Thesuccessors of Peter I, albeit with less enthusiasm, continued the work of the great reformer for the training of the nobility, whomandatorily were fallen into the rows of military and civil ranks. In connection with the establishment of the Imperial MoscowUniversity in 1755, an unexpected conflict arose between the duty of the nobility to serve and receive education. The prospects ofthe civil service, in contrast to the ‘hardships and deprivations of military service', led to great interest of noble youth to it.