Vol. 18 No. 5 (2016)

Nowadays the transition of companies operating in traditional industries into companies based on knowledge has entered an active phase. The human capital is a key element of the knowledge economy. The competitive advantages of the economy, the possibility of its modernization in modern conditions are directly determined by the human capital accumulated and involved in the country. Leadership becomes the most important characteristic of the human capital and the companies with global strategic vision for the development of its human resources invest in the development of this competence.

The peculiarities of the demographic processes in Moscow and their influence on the consumption of the socially important services in the capital are considered in the article. The authors examine both the aggregate consumption increment of the socially significant services and the consumption increment in the individual segments.

The problem of «shadow» economic activity has caused an increasing interest in the scientific community, businesses and authorities during the last decade in Russia. Highly effective methods of obtaining information about the economic behavior of the employed population in the formal and shadow economic activities are sociological methods. The information collected with these methods allows the deepest and fullest exploration of the problem situations and allows to describe the trends in the development of the labour market and the «shadow» employment. The article is based on the materials of the sociological monitoring, which characterizes the scale of development of the non-criminal shadow economic activities, carried out since 2001 by a research team of Center for socio-political monitoring, RANEPA (until 2012 - the Sociological center of RACS). In particular, the study covers the non-criminal part of the shadow economic activities, i.e. the unreported labour activities (non-formal agreements (contracts) with the employer or the authorized bodies), the practice of unofficial payment of wages to employees, a wide distribution of delivery of services performed for a fee on an informal basis. A survey was conducted by the Center in the period from May 16 to May 23, 2016 with the support of partner sociological agencies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. 1,600 respondents representing the employed population were polled, with the age of 18 and older in 35 subjects of the Russian Federation on a sample representing employees of the main types of economic activities employed in enterprises of different ownership forms, as well as basic socio-demographic characteristics. The survey was conducted by personal interview («face to face») at the place of work or residence with the strict observance of the principle of anonymity. The survey data is presented in comparison with the results of studies conducted by the Center earlier on comparable methodology.

The questions of the effectiveness assessment of investment projects on the basis of the construction of the cash flows are raised in the article. The construction process is simulated taking into account the actual investment practice. Also, the comparative analysis of the computational approach to the construction of the cash flows of investment projects in the commercial sector is given by the authors. The effect of the technique of construction of cash flows on the final evaluation of the effectiveness of the investment project has been proved.

The article is concerned with the issues of monetary policy impact on the economic security of the country. The authors come up with discussion on the transition of monetary policy from traditional regulation of monetary relations to stimulation of economic growth and national security provision in the new environment. Besides, the article highlights the trends, the problems and the contradictions of the monetary policy in Russia, and determines the ways of its “modernization” for the purposes of national economy development and economic security

Today the model of the new world economy and the society of the future is being formed. The model was first used by Daniel Bell in his work "The coming post-industrial society. The sample social forecasting" in which knowledge became the main economic resource. Technological modernization and development of information technologies, territorial redistribution of the productive sector and end markets and depreciation of the value of commodities led to a decrease in the number of people employed in the industrial economy. The transition to the new forms of the post-industrial economy requires not only the change of economic concept, but also a new social and economic ideology. The article describes the parameters of the formation of the new Russian economic system - the post-industrial economy controlled and regulated by the state at the background of the construction of an effective political system. The analysis of the main industries, legal and administrative mechanisms is made and the assertion that Russia must be highly developed in technological, managerial and economic spheres is substantiated, and social and political stability is the indicative and the basis which shall be used to continue the development of the country [Mau, 2016, P. 6].

The current issues of the economic security of the Russian Federation at the present stage, the problems of the global market and the crisis of the capitalist economic model in the world are considered in the article, The most important issues of education and science (research and innovation potential, educational strategies and technologies, orientation of the country to further scientific and technological development) are touched upon by the author

The article demonstrates that virtually all the professional community, regardless of the affiliation of its individual representatives to various political forces and/or schools of economic thought, shares the opinion that the Russian economy will not regain growth without a revival of investment activity. The launch of an investment based economic growth mechanism can lead to a multiplier effect. The base forecast of development of the Russian economy that is proposed today - is quite cautious. Along with the basic, a number of alternative scenarios are examined, and though on many issues the opinions of the experts differ dramatically, however, none of the proposed options does reject as impossible the aim of the growth of the domestic economy. A critical analysis of the various approaches to this problem is done by the author and concrete proposals for solving this problem are produced. The key issues that predetermine policy priorities and specific mechanisms for the revival of investment activity are outlined as follows: diagnostics of the investment activities barriers and factors favorable for the investment activity; determination of priority areas for investment; and identification of resource provision mechanisms for investment programs and projects implementation. Special attention is paid to a system of measures that, while requiring no budget investment in fixed assets, may contribute to an improvement of mutual trust in the state/business/civil society triangle and an increase in investment activity on the basis of public private partnership development and the use of the Bank of Russia capacity to solve the problem of creation of 'long and relatively cheap money' in the economy. Recommendations on the selection of investment priorities are based on conjunctive application of Liebig's Law and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

The system of the state management of economic security in the Russian Federation is considered in the article. The overview of the use of the terms «governance» and «economic security» in science and normative acts is presented by the author, the change in the content of the main threats to the economic security is shown, the activities of the state bodies on ensuring the national security and economic security are revealed.

The concepts of the rational bureaucracy, public management and public-state governance are studied in the article. The assumption that one of them is more progressive than the others is indicated as incorrect, because all concepts originally aimed at the rationalization of the public administration and subordination of its own interests to the interests of the society. In the modern context a set of prerequisites for the real participation of citizens in the governance are formed today: transition to the network organization, a partnership, a production of public goods, values of public service. It is proved that the modernization potential for building of an open and democratic public administration was placed to create the Concept of the Russian Federation civil service reform (2001). The classification of the barriers and challenges that hinder the civil service reform is proposed by the author and the growth points and the alternative transformation vectors are formulated. The risks of each alternative in the short, medium and long term and the ways of overcoming them are considered. It is indicated that the harmonization of the legal framework for civil service and public sector should become a priority. At the first stage, it is proposed to deny the comprehension of the civil service as the specific "official” activity and converging its legal content with other activities in the public sector. The denial of the mentioning of the serving nature in the activities of the civil servants is aimed at the increasing of their personal responsibility. It is necessary to complement the legislation with the basic principle of targeting efforts of the civil servants to provide the economic growth and improve the quality of life of the citizens of the Russian Federation. At the next stage can be formed a new type of service - the public service - that will include the state civil service, the municipal service and the public sector organizations, as well as some other types of organizations. This requires some changes in the personnel policy: the formation of a single personnel reserve for the entire public service, improving the qualification requirements for all public positions based on professional specializations and ensuring the effective public control. A systematic approach to the creation of the public service will increase the efficiency of public institutions and their resilience in the face of global instability. The conclusions of the study were tested by the author during his participation in the work on the draft of the Strategy of the socio-economic development of Russia for the period till 2030.

Given the optimization of staffing levels provisioned by the Government of the Russian Federation, rational use of human resources is currently one of the main challenges for public authorities. In the context of limited funding, all public institutions should concentrate on the creation of a transparent, clear and fair rewarding mechanism based on the employees' performance. The Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS Russia), represented by 84 Regional Offices located in every constituent of the Russian Federation, should play an important role in this process The article represents pilot project by FAS Russia aimed at the development and implementation of a unified professional performance measuring system. The project has started in 2014 and currently covers more than twenty Regional Offices. Performance evaluation methods described in the paper has been developed in a close cooperation with the Regional Offices and successfully tested in 2015. As such during first two stages of the pilot project of 2014 - 2015, FAS Russia developed its own set of performance indicators, which has been later tailored to the project needs. As an outcome, the FAS Russia was able to increase transparency of internal funds allocation process and improve performance of its employees, without additional funding or third-party consultants. The authors describe the performance evaluation process, including the methodology based on the quality indicators, which were tailored to the employees' roles in the FAS Russia structure. In particular, a qualitative assessment of employees performing supervisory and control roles, e.g. Heads and Deputy Heads of Regional Offices, has been conducted. FAS Russia's experience in public servants' performance assessment can be utilized as a best practice by other governmental authorities in creation of transparent and fair employees' reward systems. Authors believe that the discussed approach allows for enhanced distribution of workload between employees and, thus, results in efficient planning and decision-making management by the FAS Russia's Central Office.

The article represents the results of public employees' axiological basis study in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The authors analyse values within the sociology of public administration and management and in accordance with Talcott Parsons' concept, regarding them as regulators of interaction assigned to certain social roles. The study reveals that, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), four groups of public employees can be distinguished based on the differences in their value systems. Young employees without any public service experience and employees of retiring age are more likely to share the values of openness and customer orientation, although pursuant to different motives: young employees are focused on career achievements and social status, and for senior employees these values go with the idea of "People's Government” model. Young employees with experience of civil service from 3 to 5 years and with the experience of more than 10 years share the values of classical bureaucracy. They are often disappointed in career prospects; however, seek to preserve the existing social status, while employees with less than 5 years experience show a lower level of loyalty.

The typical situation that occurs while determining the boundaries of unacceptable affiliation, mechanisms of monitoring the conflict of interests and of overcoming the effects of the disputed disciplinary sanctions that can arise in the civil service system is discussed in the article. The images of the state government body, the supervised institution, the government official (Ilona Ivanova) and the other characters of the conflict situation are collective. The research shows that the current problem situation can be solved according to the modern Russian legislation level suiting all the participants involved in it.

The concept of applying the methods of the external verification of non-financial reports to evaluate the preventive corruption measures adopted by the Russian corporations is presented in the article. According to the author this approach is an efficient means of objectivity improvement of study of these measures as well as an effective way of reducing the risk of the formalist approach to its development and implementation. As the issues of submitting of their data about the activities in this area by the companies haven't been regulated in the Russian legislation yet, the author offers to apply the administrative-legal mechanisms to non-financial reporting system aimed at establishing unified requirements for the anti-corruption information disclosures contained in the topic "Prevention of corruption" and verification of this theme in corporate reports. The practical application of the proposed concept will also minimize the subjective factors in proving the degree of corporate guilt in cases involving their administrative responsibility. Besides, the considered development way of the non-financial reporting can restrict public activities of those corporations that have not fulfilled the organizational requirements of the Federal Anti-Corruption Law thus motivating them to follow effective anti-corruption policies. Considering the trends in the corporate reporting sphere, the author has made the applicability analysis of the offered concept to the Russian practice and to the regulation system of this sphere. Therefore, the main international and domestic non-financial reporting systems and requirements for them of different stakeholders such as stock exchanges and banks have been studied. Since one of the main topics in the paper is the investigation of the particularities of the verification service market, the author offers to attract widely audit organizations and individual auditors to such activities. This conclusion is made on the basis of the law of audit activities, as well as the currently available practice. In this regard, the existing problems affecting the implementation of the state anti-corruption policy of attracting auditors to the detection of the corrupt practices and facts are considered in the paper. As a result, the system of incentives attracting auditors to work in this field on the mutually beneficial basis has been developed by the author. The work also focuses on the study of the similar approaches in the international practice that revealed the active development of the non-financial reporting systems in the partner countries of BRICS and the Customs Union of EAEU. In this context the entrepreneurial risks for the Russian corporations that reduce their competitiveness on the global market are highlighted by the author. In the conclusion the application practicability of the considered legal methods for the formation of the Concept of development of public non-financial reporting in the Russian Federation is given in the article.

The process of development of the domestic law of ownerless things is traced in the article. The problems of relations concerning ownerless things, the historical development of this concept in the regulatory framework confirming the continuity of the law are examined by the author However, certain problems uncharacteristic of the practice of the Soviet era and caused by the fundamental changes in perception of the ownership rights are noted to arise. Analyzing court practice in cases of the recognition of the right of municipal property for the ownerless immovable thing, the author draws attention to the lack of the unified interpretation of provisions of the law. The attention is drawn to the peculiarities of jurisdiction over this category of cases, the lack of uniformity of judicial practice, resulting in discrepancies in the operative parts of judgments. The author comes to the conclusion that local authorities have a duty of registration the immovable property and the appeal to the court with requirement about the declaration of the right of municipal property for the ownerless immovable thing. With regard to the current situation and theoretical framework, the measures for the elimination of the legal collisions in the declaration of the right of municipal property for the ownerless immovable thing are proposed requiring clarification and concretization of the legal framework.

The various aspects of the modern Russian legal migration policy are considered in the article, the development dynamics of the legal regulation of the external labor migration in the Russian Federation is analyzed. It is noted that the unworked legislative framework and the law-enforcement mechanisms in the matters of foreign labor migration can threaten the national security of Russia, it is emphasized that «brain drain» of the Russian experts is a serious destabilizing factor, as well as uncontrolled migration from the countries of the former USSR. However, changes in the migration policy in the recent years have allowed the authors to conclude that in Russia has begun to take shape the selective (elective) migration policy in the sphere of the external labor migration.

The dynamics of the development of the legal regulation of the admission of the foreign direct investment in the Russian Federation is analyzed in the article. As a result of this analysis the author comes to the conclusion that the recent changes in legislation affect both material and procedural component of the admission procedure of a foreign investor in the Russian economy, in particular, the purpose, the terms of transactions with participation of foreign investor are specified as well as the procedure for adopting of the preliminary decisions and the possibility of its prolongation. These amendments, according to the author, aimed at the clear and uniformed interpretation by the law enforcers and the foreign investors of the norms of the Federal legislation, the reduction of redundancy of the state regulation of this type of investment; transparency and clarity of administrative procedures in respect of the admission of the foreign investor.

The topical issues of the modern contradictory development of the financial markets are considered in the article, the presence of stable and developed financial markets, on the one hand, is indicated as having a positive impact on the economic development and growth, however, the development of the financial markets is connected with the increasing risks of instability and emergence of the crisis phenomena An important evaluation criterion of the development of the financial market of an individual country in the context of globalization is the activity of large, recognized financial centers on its territory. The second part of the article is devoted to the international comparison of the most famous financial centers in the world. The comparative analysis of the development of the regional financial markets and international financial centers is of interest, basing on this analysis the position of Moscow is ranked from the standpoint of the prospects of creating in Russia the international financial center.

The content and analysis of the dynamics of the investment cooperation of member-countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and Vietnam in terms of improving the economic security of the Eurasian space are estimated in the research.