Vol. 19 No. 4 (2017)

The article deals with actual theoretical and practical questions of the transfer by the representative of the employer of civil servants to another civil service position. The author investigated the issue of transferring a civil servant to another position, who for health reasons cannot perform his/her duties. It was revealed that the representative of the employer and the judicial authorities often equate the documents not appropriate in accordance with their legal status to the medical report. Thus, it is noted that the representative of the employer and the courts in some cases refer to a certificate on the establishment of the disability issued on the basis of the results of the medical and social expertise, or a resolution of the medical commission that contains conclusions about the state of health of the civil servant and the possibilities for further activity. The author examines the issue of the possibility, according to a medical report, of the temporary transfer of a civil servant to another post up to four months, including lower position or lower paid position or removal for a specified period from a held position with its retention. Also, the article considers the necessity to consolidate in the legislation such an important social guarantee as providing a civil servant and his family members along with the state body of an corporate housing or reimbursement of expenses for its hiring / renting upon his transfer to another location.

The article describes the experience of the Vologda region in the implementation of the project approach in personnel policy in the formation of management teams at the municipal level. The tool for implementing this approach is one of the regional personnel projects called «Governor's team: the municipal level». Its main goal is to improve the quality of governance in local government bodies through the development of managerial competencies not only among individual managers, but also from entire management teams that include different categories of participants in the municipal community. The paper reviews the history of the project, its main tasks, stages, methods of implementation and the results achieved. At the present stage, the most popular and effective mechanisms for territorial development are interbudgetary cooperation, inter-municipal cooperation and municipal-private partnership. They allow attracting additional resources for the development of territorial entities. Participation of residents in the development of strategy, firstly, forms a social base for the management decisions made, and secondly, it provides an effective mechanism for public control over the implementation of decisions taken. The project «The Governor's team: the municipal level» allows to prepare highly qualified specialists - managers of the municipal administration of new formation, capable of solving tasks aimed at improving management efficiency, social and economic development of the territories of municipalities. As a result, the project participants become professional specialists, talented and worthy people who have the necessary set of competences, people with strategic thinking and managerial approach.

The article is devoted to the problematics of the participation of stateless persons in the administrative proceedings under the legislation of the Russian Federation. Traditionally, while determining the status of stateless persons the domestic administrative-legal and administrative -procedural theory link them to the status of foreigners. Meanwhile, it is hardly possible to qualify these statuses as absolutely identical. This is explained by the fact that recently the Russian legislator has been following the principle of the reduction of statelessness. For that reason, the existing administrative law (particularly governing public service) by all means distinguishes the status of stateless persons out of common system of statuses of persons without the Russian citizenship or persons with multiple citizenship. In this sense the latest legislation on administrative judicial procedure is no exception. Unlike the civil procedural code of the Russian Federation and the arbitration procedural code of the Russian Federation, the administrative procedure Code of the Russian Federation differentiates the administrative procedure status of foreigners and stateless persons. First of all, this differentiation concerns possible limitations of the administrative procedure status of foreigners, which are not legally provided for the stateless persons. In addition, the applicable personal law differs for foreigners and stateless persons, as well as the possibilities of consular protection of procedural rights and lawful interests of stateless persons. Analyzing the typical legal and administrative disputes with the participation of stateless persons, the author comes to the conclusion about the need to address the glaring gaps in the mechanism of protection of their rights and legitimate interests in the Russian Federation.

The article examines the problems of modernizing Russian health care at the regional level, investigates the issues arising in the course of implementing the Concept of Health Development in the Russian Federation, and identifies approaches to their solution. The authors point out that the Russian National Security Strategy defines the main priorities for the development of the health care system in our country, in particular, it has been established that development the healthcare system, as well as strengthening the health of the country's population, is one of the most important directions to ensure national security, which requires the development and consistent implementation of the long-term state policy in the sphere of health protection of citizens At the same time, there is an understanding of the main problems in the way of implementing state guarantees for the provision of free medical care to Russian citizens, which include: traditionally insufficient financial support for these guarantees, differentiation of the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of implementing programs in this area, as well as well-known fragmentation of the sources of financing medical care, preventing the development and full implementation of the mandatory system of compulsory medical insurance for the population. Now the health financing system is fragmented and decentralized to a much greater extent than, for example, in most European countries.

The research considers three ideal models of Public Administration (rational bureaucracy, New Public Management, New Governance) and corresponding ideas of the state («strong», «effective», «inclusive»). Using these three models as a matrix that defines a «coordinate system», the authors analyze the «trajectory» and the results of administrative reforms in Russia over the past 15 years. The thesis is proposed that the modern Russian state should become a «multimodal state», using the tools of all three ideal models of state management, depending on the nature of the challenges and problems to be solved. At the same time, in order to develop consistent requirements for the procedures of state management for a «multimodal state», a «common denominator» is needed in the form of an integrating model that would focus on formal characteristics of management processes. Acknowledgment: The work is based on the results of the research «Problems of the strategic cycle in the system of public administration: optimization of mechanisms for the development and implementation of solutions», carried out by the authors in SIC Public Policy and Public Administration Institute of Social Sciences RANEPA at the President of the Russian Federation on the state task of the Government of the Russian Federation. The authors thank their colleagues for their joint work and useful discussions, while leaving exclusively for themselves full responsibility for all the shortcomings of this article.

The article examines the question of how integrated the Civil Service reform program is in political discourse, and how the content of these programs depends on political changes. The statements about the Civil Service reform by Russian leaders have been studied in a wide time range from 1916 to 2016. The author had formed large empirical data to have the opportunity to use statistical methods. It was found that most of the statements related to Civil Service reforms chronologically coincide with the periods of social and political instability. The leaders of polar political orientation have voiced textually and substantially similar theses on the bureaucracy reform. All of them can be reduced to a few key themes. The politicians of different generations and political views have statements similar in form and content to each of these themes. For instance, every leader, communist or democrat, voiced the idea about the need for a gradual displacement of bureaucracy structures by the civil society institutions. The most quoted issue was about the public authorities efficiency and about the personnel management. The statements about the Civil Service interaction with society, as well as about corruption and Civil Service relationship with politicians were rarely stated. More or less often were discussed the questions regarding payment system and number of civil servants. Our hypothesis was proved to be right that the general direction of the Civil Service reform is experiencing relatively weak influence from political situation because institutional characteristics of the Civil Service are relatively stable. The statements from politicians about bureaucracy are strongly connected with political cycles and their main purpose is to criticize the previous leader. The promises to reduce bureaucracy, make political system cheaper and closer to people are an important element in pre-election rhetoric of political leaders, which attracts the support of voters to them.

The analysis of the current problems of the Russian economy is considered in the article; the monetary policy of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is considered by the authors as a tool for solution of the topical issues. The analysis of the functions of the Bank of Russia showed that in conditions of low prices for oil and gas, as well as the Western sanctions, that limited access to external capital markets, the achievement of a single target of low inflation is not enough to develop in the modern environment. Based on the study of successful experience of China, Japan, Germany, USA and other countries, the article shows effective mechanisms and instruments of their financial systems. In particular, the tool such as the target emission, which increases the level of monetization and, as a consequence, leads to the reduction of the interest rates. The conclusion is made that for transformation to a sustainable course of development of the Russian economy, we need to create the internal sources of investment by means of the active monetary policy as well. It implies the use of the similar mechanisms and tools. The implementation of such mechanisms stipulates the change of the functional authority of the Bank of Russia itself which will be responsible not only for financial stability but also for the economic growth. The use of the offered reserves will allow to attract the necessary financial resources for the development of industrial-innovation sector and in whole for the structural reconstruction of the economy of Russia. The article also touches upon the risk assessment of the money emission, in particular, fears of rising inflation. It is concluded that the risks of saving hard monetary policy are more dangerous than the risks of transition to the policy of stimulating economic growth.

The issues of regional imbalance of development of different territories attract the attention of all professionals involved in the socio-economic problems. The researchers consolidated the view that these imbalances pose real risks and threats for developing countries. For identification of problem areas, causes of their formation and ways of overcoming there are quite a number of techniques. However, perhaps it is the multiplicity of approaches in this area that allows to select key performance indicators to diagnose the development of the regions. The article tested the author's approach for the diagnosis of the level of development of innovation-resource potential of the Russian regions. On the basis of official statistics the calculation of current, average and dynamic development of regions and Federal districts was made. The assessment of variation of critical indicators over a long period of time was given. The interrelation between economic and infrastructural factors was stated. The key directions of development of the depressive territories are outlined.

The book of S.V. Buyanov ‘Foreign-political activities and international security of Russia' is analyzed in the article. The book deals with the topical issues of foreign policy activities of Russia and ensuring its security. The causes of aggravation of the current global situation are investigated, the efforts of the Russian state to protect its national interests are shown. In the opinion of V.S. Buyanov, the course towards universal "democratization" of the world has not passed the test of time. Moreover, it led to the intensification of contradictions, even antagonistic, between the Western and non-Western world, seriously aggravating the international situation. Having proved the advantages in the fight with Soviet-style socialism, the West and its politicians believed in their infallibility and began to rebuild the world in accordance with their ideas about universal values, based on democracy and human rights. At the heart of these contradictions is not so much the economy or the social sphere (for all their importance), but the ideas and values that underlie any ideology. In this connection, the author's reflection on the nature of the ideology of "democracy" uniting the United States and Europe as a single center of power is of interest. The book shows in a polemic manner the transformation of the state in the context of globalization, the inconsistency of the arguments of those who consider this most important political institution a relic of "strict thinking" and "old politics". Cultural and civilizational aspects of world development, features of ten "living" civilizations, including the unique Russian civilization, are analyzed; the formation and civilizational approaches in social studies are compared. Considerable attention is paid to the geopolitical factor in international relations and the justification of the features of the current geopolitical era.

Internationalization of higher education system leads to active creation and development of international strategic partnerships at institutional and national levels. International cooperation allows educational organizations to improve and to expand their capabilities of educational services provision and, as a result, to increase competitiveness in the world market. In this regard, universities around the world undertake increasing efforts to create and improve the effectiveness of international strategic partnerships by developing strategies and programs for their development. The authors of the article analyze the main trends in network interaction of higher education institutions in the European Higher Education Area and in Russia: their strategic priorities, forms of institutional partnerships and internal institutional organization, as well as factors that contribute to effective implementation of international strategic partnerships. The article also describes the basic model of universities' international activity organization, decision-making process for creation of strategic partnerships and funding sources of networked universities. In conclusion, special attention was attributed to network universities with the participation of Russian higher education institutions, their main characteristics and prospects for development of the network cooperation of Russian higher education institutions.

The problem of the informatization of education in the context of implementation and development of new information technologies is considered in the article. Comparative analysis of the contents and the essence of «support» and «innovative» approaches to education and peculiarities of use of modern information technologies in the educational process is made. As a result, the need for a systematic view on the formation of a concept of distance education is revealed. Basing on the officially adopted concept of distance education, the authors formulated a definition of distance education and identified the possibility and efficiency of using computer telecommunications as its foundation. To ensure the commensurability of the indicators of efficiency of distance education with the traditional three-component model of organization of distance education process was proposed, including the model of organization of public information resources, the model of the management of education processes and the model of knowledge. For the formation of the first and the second models the use of the Internet, which is a repository of constantly updated information resources and ensuring broad use of two-way communication technologies for the interaction of teacher and learners and learners among themselves is proposed. However, the model of knowledge is essentially different. It contains the structure of information, methods of extracting the knowledge and the method of monitoring of the integrity of the extracted knowledge.

The range of problems of developing a professional standard for the traditionally unregulated sphere of relations - the ethno-national relations is actualized in the article. In connection with transformation of the system of international relations and reactions of national states to the global-level processes, the attempts to regulate the activities of specialists involved in provision of processes in the sphere of religious, ethno-cultural and ethno-political relations are undertaken. The strengthening of Russian identity, maintenance and developing the ethno-cultural, religious diversity of Russian nations, the civic culture of communication, including social and cultural adaptation and integration of migrants - all this should become the goal of the professional activities of specialists in national and religious relations. The realization of this goal according to the professional standard is possible through labor functions implementation. Thus, their functional responsibility will become the maintenance of identity, the cultural and religious wealth of Russian nations, the diversity of forms of their self-expression and cooperation in the cultural and social-politic spheres, aimed at creation of communication culture and maintenance of inter religious and international peace and consent. Today global migration flows are tangibly affecting Russia.

This article describes the terms of formation and execution of the state order for additional professional education of state and municipal employees in terms of the current legislation. Taking the North Caucasian Federal districts as an example, the factors determining the supply and demand for the services of additional professional education are analyzed. The main difficulties in the objective assessment and prediction capacity, and the competitiveness of the market for the procurement of services in the sphere of additional education are highlighted. The authors set out their vision regarding the relation of cost and quality of educational services in the face of changes in the setup of a professional growth of state and municipal employees of the North Caucasus Federal District. The analysis of the strategic documents suggests a trend of increased identification of additional professional education, a gradual refusal from the old model of holding major competitions with generalized topics. The implementation of quality control of additional professional programs is intended to make the experience and quality of educational services, but not the cost, a priority, thereby allowing to minimize the possibility of participating in the implementation of programs of additional education of the unfair competition - both from private organizations and associations related to the university system.

The article is devoted to the problem of the concept of «corporation» in the law of Russia, China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. The history of the concept of «corporation» in the above-mentioned states is shown, the differences and similarities with the corporations of Russia are given. Also, the author pays attention to the types of legal entities, the problem of ambiguity of the criterion for the division of legal entities is touched upon. The authors compare the foreign experience with domestic legislation, give examples of commercial and non-commercial organizations, specify advantages and characteristics of corporate law in Russia. In addition, the reference is made to such regulatory legal acts as codes and special laws, clarifying concepts, types of legal entities, in general, regulating the activities of corporations in these countries. Proceeding from the features of the concept «corporation» in Russia, China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, it is concluded that there is an acute need for the most detailed settlement of concepts, types, and criteria for classifying certain corporations as commercial or noncommercial. The need for a similar legal regulation in the sphere of corporate law of the countries of Asian-Pacific Region is unambiguous.

The subject field of geopolitics covers all areas of international security, including food security. Its provision depends on the production and consumption of several key products. The fact that chocolate is included in their number is explained by its healing properties, known long ago, but received justification in the last century. Chocolate was actively used by the military, travelers. Chocolate was one of the goods that were supplied by Lend-Lease during the Great Patriotic War. This product is associated with an exciting history of its development in the Old World, which began five hundred years ago after the discovery of America. Having obtained the first cocoa beans Spain declared them a strategic product and banned the spread of raw materials and recipes of chocolate abroad. Other European countries have launched a battle for knowledge of producing chocolate. They succeeded in this competition, capturing new territories and markets. A rigid connection was created between the metropolitan countries and the colonies, which divided the roles of consumers of chocolate and producers of raw materials. After the collapse of the colonial empires the regulation of the relations of cocoa market participants entered a new stage. In today's world, there are international organizations seeking to help States improve their agricultural practices, ensure healthy nutrition and food security. Among them are international organizations on primary commodities. Unlike the organizations of hydrocarbon exporters, the International Cocoa Organization unites both producers and consumers of chocolate. The part of the geopolitical struggle was tough advertising for the promotion of national brands of chocolate on the world market. The holding frequency of the international conferences can be explained by the topicality of the problems, discussed by their participants. The agedna includes, first of all, the issues of the quality and the safety of the food products. ICCO developed the recomendations for the healthy rational nutrition taking into consideration the nutritive properties of cocoa and chocolate. The goals of environmental protection, improving the economical and social stability as the result of cultivation of cocoa are becoming the main topics of conversations.

The modern tendencies of development of economy of Vietnam are considered in the article. The special attention is paid to the foreign economic line. The increased presence of transnational corporations and increased foreign investment are noted. Contrary to the prevailing before assumptions on the unconditional empowerment of the country as the recipient of foreign direct investment, the authors, following the development of the empirical research in recent years, believe that the situation with foreign investment does not only bring a country-recipient some benefit and development but also threatens with certain long-term negative effects. The situation with the influx to Vietnam of direct and portfolio investment is analyzed by the authors. There is an active support of foreign investment by the state; that has led to record investments into the economy of the country. The prospects of the national program of privatization of state-owned enterprises and IPO of large companies are considered. The Vietnamese leadership intends to use these tools to solve the problems of budget deficit and high public debt. The article also reveals the role of transnational corporations in the GDP formation and export of Vietnam. Due to its geographical position and support of the state in investment activities, Acknowledgment: The article has been prepared with the financial support of the Russian State Russian Federation.

The Article is devoted to the new Strategy of economic security as a policy document, based on which in the next decade will be shaped approaches to system development of all sectors and territories of Russia. The relevance of the topic due to the increasing interest in the problems of economic security in modern conditions of globalization of world economy, the financial interdependence of countries, territories, corporations. In this context, the aim of this study is to identify prerequisites for adoption of the new Strategy, the study of primary external threats and ways of their leveling, measures and parameters, the fulfilment of which will ensure the stability of the national economy. The article reveals the main aspects of the program document «Strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation for the period till 2030». The structure of the Strategy comprising the goal, objectives, timing and results of its implementation. Systematized various positions and the reasons for the emergence of challenges and threats to the economic security of our country as destructive impacts on the economy. Justified the transition from raw to innovative model of development of economy of the state. To protect the national interests of Russia in the field of Economics provides monitoring indicators for financial, industrial and monetary capacity, social environment, development of international trade. Investigated probable risk of damage to the national interests of the country in the economic sphere in connection with the implementation of threats of economic safety.

The article considers the initial stage of formation and development of the legal service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire. The author pays special attention to the duties of solicitors and their full support, defines the role and place of legal service in the management system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The paper examines the circumstances associated with its formation and the problems arising in the course of introduction to the structure of legal advisers of the Ministry. The formation and development of legal services in the security ministries, departments and, in particular, in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation refers to the beginning of the XIX century. Due to the reforms in the country at that time the question about the lack of civil servants, military advisers and police officers with legal education arose; that was the reason for the publication of the Decree of May 9, 1835 on the creation of the Imperial school of jurisprudence in St. Petersburg for training of lawyers in the public service. The history of the legal service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia began in 1866, when at the initiative of the Minister of Internal Affairs, the State Secretary Petr Alexandrovich Valuev the representation ‘establishing the office of the legal adviser in the Ministry of Internal Affairs' was made and sent to the Secretary of State. After careful consideration by the office the legal service of the Ministry was established, which included regulation and legal control of what was happening in the state and society. Later posts of legal advisers were introduced by the Decrees of the Emperor in all the ministries of the Russian Empire.

This article deals with the study of the topic of transport and logistics capabilities of the Russian Arctic. The author proposes the scheme for organizing the transportation process along the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The presented scheme is based on the use of maritime shuttle shipping between two large logistics hubs located at the entrances to the NSR. It is suggested that Murmansk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, by its climatic conditions, are the most appropriate logistics hub candidates, as both of them are ice-free on a year-round basis. The paper also shows a comparative analysis of the current transport and logistics capabilities of these ports, and provides some proposals for their further development with the help of foreign investment. The author considers the most favored nation treatment regime (e.g. advanced social-economic development territories and Porto Franco regimes) as the most effective measures undertaken by Russian government to attract foreign investments for expanding logistics capabilities of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. As a result, it is shown that the application of the concept of maritime shuttle shipping in the Arctic creates the most optimal conditions for the trans-arctic navigation along the NSR on a year-round basis. Moreover, the author presents a thesis that the successful development of the arctic shipping along the NSR will enable Russia to complete the formation of the Integrated National Transport Network, which in turn will allow it to develop the vast internal territories of Siberia and the Far East of the country.