The current state of Russia’s economy raises questions regarding maintaining the sovereign foundations required for the state’s functioning. In these circumstances, it becomes particularly important to address the issues of guaranteeing the economic sovereignty of regions, which are constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as essential components of the national economy. Within the framework of regional components, the article provides a coherent analysis of issues about the theoretical justification of concepts of sovereignty generally, as well as their legal and economic content. The authors provide a personal interpretation of the term «region» and examine the variables impacting the emergence of favorable patterns in advancing economic independence among the subjects of the Russian Federation.