Vol. 21 No. 3 (2019)

The article attempts to substantiate the relationship between the design of the traditional bureaucratic administrativeapparatus, its role as an indispensable tool of public administration and at the same time the tendency to generate dysfunctions,transformation into pseudo-administrative structures, ruinous for the state and society. It is suggested that the features of thebureaucracy are due to its specific structural role: having no formal right to develop and make political decisions, it is the main‘administrative resource', without property, it is included in the management of the main resource assets of the state. Unlikepolitical actors, the population, business entities, bureaucracy has no direct interest in the processes and results of their relationswith each other: it focuses on the performance of administrative functions. However, this nominally instrumental role of bureaucracycan be supported only in a narrow range of conditions, which include: a clear distinction between political and administrative roles,clarity of goals and objectives of the state, openness of decision-making and management processes, the presence of effectiveethical regulators of officials' work, perfect system of their material and non-material motivation, and many others. Insufficientattention to these factors leads to the fact that the administrative apparatus by default expands its powers, refocuses externaltasks to its own needs, attracting available public and private resources to achieve them. This established solidary interest of theprofessional community, its propensity to social self-isolation and even the acquisition of domestic ‘sovereignty' leads to thetransformation of a working administrative apparatus into a Bureaucracy in the negative sense of this word. At the same time,there are reasons to recognize this destructive process as natural: in the absence of other incentives, people and the communityfocus on personal/group needs.

In this article the problem of management of reforming and development of the state civil service from the point of viewof existence and application of system of the concepts, categories and the principles used in social sciences and having essential,fundamental value is considered. Particular attention is drawn to the general features and specific criteria by which thedevelopment of the state civil service can be assessed and reasonable decisions can be made on their basis. In analyzing the listand content of these requirements, the author relies on the experience of managing the development of state structures andcommercial organizations of foreign countries. The paper presents the opinions and points of view of well-known scientists, whichare important to consider when developing a program for further development of public management in the Russian Federation.The development of the state civil service is the improvement of ensuring the execution of functions and powers of the authorities,improving the effectiveness and efficiency of professional performance of state servants, sustainable positive changes in its goalsand directions, technologies, procedures, leading to increased efficiency and effectiveness. The system approach to managementinvolves the analysis of contradictions in the relationships between the elements in the control object and the external environment,internal and external causes of contradictions. An integral feature of the development of the state civil service is its new qualitativestate, which can be judged by the degree of its effectiveness and efficiency, including the degree of satisfaction of the needs andinterests of citizens and organizations.

The article deals with topical issues related to the transfer of control powers in the financial and budgetary sphere to theoffice of the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation. The authors analyzed the methods and tools regulating the procedure ofcontrol measures in the implementation of internal state control. Based on the study of statistical data and the nature of the functionsof the territorial bodies of the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation, conclusions were made about the low level of financialdiscipline of the objects of control. This explains the need to improve the methods of inspections, the introduction of new tools and theorientation of the control measures to prevent violations. The authors identified the main contradictions arising in the implementation ofthe state financial control and submitted amendments that were made to the regulatory legislation of the Russian Federation to resolvethe existing problems that do not allow to implement fully the state control in the financial and budgetary sphere.

The article is devoted to a comparative legal study of the fundamentals, tools and modalities of publicadministration and state policy in the field of countering doping in sport in foreign states. The author describes in detailthe concept and design of scientific research. The article demonstrates the regulatory framework of the study (thelegislation of 33 foreign states) and the empirical basis of the study (descriptions of law enforcement practices and policiesof 50 foreign states). The article is based on the use of research methods of system analysis, classification, synthesis,induction and deduction. By employing these methods, the essential features of the problematic field of regulation and ofthe realization of public administration and public policy in the field of countering doping in sport were revealed. As anempirical basis of the study were the answers of diplomatic institutions of the Russian Federation abroad. The articleshows the importance of administrative and legal regulation in the total volume of regulation of relations in this area. Publicadministration and anti-doping policies in sport are still far from perfect in all States of the world, have many shortcomingsand have a number of unresolved problems. The use of doping in sports has become a competitive race of nationalpharmaceutical corporations (a specific part of them) to develop new doping substances and mechanisms. Some of themhave not yet been included in the world anti-doping Agency's prohibition lists, as they are based on the latest technologiesand are therefore difficult to detect.

The article is a book review on the systematization of the experience of the Republic of Singapore in the field of humanresource management in the public administration system, the practical application of modern personnel technologies in order toimprove the efficiency and effectiveness of public service, published by Publishing house ‘Planeta' in 2019. The textbookschematically presents some individual aspects of Singapore's experience in building an effective system of public administration,in particular, the evolution of approaches to public administration, issues of the state civil service reform, special features of humanresources management, etc. The author emphasizes that the peer-reviewed textbook has theoretical and practical value, contributes to a deeper understanding ofthe content of the processes of reform and development of the public service among readers, in particular their continuous and systematicnature, where each stage is not the final process, but the next iteration on the way to perfection that meets modern realities and ensuresreadiness for future challenges, including those caused by technological breakthroughs and an ever-changing picture of the world.

The article presents an assessment of political, legal, economic and moral problems of anti-crisis public administration,which are studied by a creative team of scientists of MGIMO University, State university of management and The Institute oforiental studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and presented in the monograph ‘Public administration in crisis and sanctionsrestrictions: domestic and foreign experience', published under the general editorship of Dr. Sci. (Sociology), ProfessorOkhotsky E.V. Scientific consultant of the publication - Dr. Sci. (Economics), Professor Dobrosotsky V.I. The book, published inthe ‘MGIMO-University' publishing house, is the first comprehensive study of Russian anti-crisis reforms in Russian scientificpractice, taking into account historical experience. The breadth of the analysis is added by the consideration of the practice ofreforms and their management through the prism of foreign anti-crisis experience. A wide range of external factors is also takeninto account, such as the sanctions pressure exerted on Russia. The monograph attempts to answer many questions of crisismanagement, including: what model of socio-economic growth is more suitable for Russia; what structural problems need to beaddressed immediately and which are not priorities; what measures to improve the quality of governance should be prioritized?In addition, the authors propose to think about the necessary practical measures to build confidence in the government, considerthe areas of high risk and dysfunctionality that require response.

The article concentrates on specificity of the current model of staff reserves in the Russian system of government. The purposeof the study is to identify the specificity of the model of modern personnel reserves in comparison with the Soviet staff policy as well as withother well-known models of personnel reserve in civil service and business. We assumed that modern personnel reserves in the civilservice are not direct copying of the Soviet model for selection and promotion of personnel in the nomenclature system. The article providesan organized review of expert assessments and traces the development of personnel reserves over the past twenty years. We used twotypes of analysis in our work: asynchronous comparative analysis with the Soviet model, as well as synchronous comparison with similarpractices of the corporate sector. The authors conclude that modern reserves of managerial personnel and SGS (State Geodetic Service)personnel reserves do not have direct analogs in the meritocratic models of the civil service in OECD countries, the corporate sector or inthe Soviet past. We are talking about a unique combination of personnel technology, which has arisen in modern Russian society as aresponse to the often opposing requests and representations of main stakeholders.

Today's global economy represents a volatile, complex, uncertain and ambiguous environment for firms to sustain aprofitable international growth. Organizations must continuously develop a portfolio of leaders ready to push forward growthstrategies. Despite this challenge, corporations often fail to offer the right learning organizational framework to their top executivesproposing too often standardized models. This research is aiming to develop a deep understanding of how global executives aredeveloping during their expatriations. The methodology used is highly inductive and interpretivist. The qualitative sample iscomposed of 25 top executives, expatriated in MNC's subsidiaries, men and women. We found out that the concept of cognitionand self was decisive for an effective development process abroad, this combined with an ongoing willingness and ability to learn,leading to the generation of a sort of “know how” (practical intelligence). We give two recommendations that will help enhance theglobal talent management of such an individual. Our results have indicated though that the development of global executives, when working abroad, involve the theoreticalstudy of three main concepts that are interrelated: role and influence of context with its unpredictability, complexity and constantchanges, the individual and his abilities to learn, and the organizational framework, the support expected from an organization. Presuming that, global leadership development evolves in complex and ambiguous unpredictable contexts will requireexecutives' flexibility and particular skills, abilities that will allow them to navigate in these new terrains. To do so, the ability to learnand to learn continuously is critical. Since executives work in unpredictable environments, the ability to learn from experiencesand to know how to learn efficiently appears to be the key to for successful development. It is also what has constituted the secondtheoretical pillar of our conceptual model.

This article analyzes the problems of implementation of modern information and communication technologies by publicauthorities, notes their importance for improving the efficiency of administration. It is emphasized by the author, that use of a cloudcomputing can reduce cost and complexity of performance as usual computing tasks in the sphere of public administration, andperspective, computing, intensive research tasks. In article it is noted that a cloud computing allows the large distributed researchgroups to exchange more effectively data and resources that can promote carrying out the difficult cross-disciplinary researchesnecessary for the best understanding of social structures and systems, ecosystems, global climate change and other difficultphenomena. On the example of sociological researches of the USA data on the increased expectation of society from use of a cloudcomputing by state bodies, growth of the importance of cyber security and other. State administration bodies can enhance the valueof cloud systems by supporting information experiments and organizing the delivery of new services. Like the Internet itself, cloudtechnology is an approach that challenges existing business models, institutions, and regulatory paradigms. Cloud computing cansignificantly increase the level of business space for small and medium-sized businesses that currently cannot afford to own andmanage complex information technology systems.

This article presents and analyzes current issues of various spheres of social activity of the society related to thedevelopment of information and communication technologies, the emergence of concepts such as ‘digital state', ‘digital economy', etc.

This article discusses the role of digitalization in the management of agricultural enterprises of Russia. On the basis ofthe reports of the participants of Gaidar forum 2019 the author outlines the opportunities and risks in the management of modernenterprise of agroindustrial complex. The paper discusses the principles of digitalization in developed countries and the mainprovisions of Russian programs. The features of the agro-industrial complex in the transition to the digital economy are set andthe reasons for the low level of its digitalization are indicated. The main directions of use of digital technologies are presented;possibilities which they can provide for management are analyzed. The introduction of digitalization in the activities of an enterprisehas an impact on management, which should become more flexible. The development of digital technologies in the field of agro-industrial complex should be based on objective prerequisites and conditions. The industry and the economy must be preparedfor their development and application. The conditions required for this include the level of human potential, the financial capacityof producers, the degree of development and the state of agrarian production (productivity and yield capacity, organization ofproduction, profitability, the state of development of agrarian science). It is necessary to look for new solutions in the automatedtechnical process control system, to create data centers in the agricultural sphere, as well as service capabilities for automationof production processes. At present, management needs to focus on adapting the enterprise to the rapidly changing businessenvironment. This is due to the fact that the consumer has new requests, the position changes; competition for resources isincreasing, business is internationalizing.

The article analyzes the regulatory acts governing the pricing process in construction, the procedure for establishingthe enlarged standards for the price of construction and its estimated cost. The author considers the scope of authority of the stateauthorities of the Russian Federation in the field of urban planning (mainly - the powers of the Ministry of Construction, Housingand Utilities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government). The paper deals with the specific legal problems of determining the estimated cost of construction, reconstruction,overhaul of objects, financing of which is carried out with the involvement of the budget system of the Russian Federation, as wellas legal entities created by the Russian Federation, the subjects of the Russian Federation, municipalities, the share of theRussian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation, municipalities in the authorized (share) capital of which is more than 50percent. The author touches upon the peculiarities of works on the preservation of cultural heritage, the definition, formation andapplication of estimated prices for construction resources.

The bulk of cargo in international trade is transported by sea. The demand for maritime freight and their importance forensuring international economic relations are only growing with the expansion of foreign trade and the deepening of the worlddivision of labor. The general interest in merchant shipping in Russia is also supported by one of the priority state projects - thedevelopment of the Northern Sea Route. For the carriage of goods by sea, the most important and primary duty of the carrier must be to bring the ship to seaworthiness. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative legal analysis of the sources of domestic and international lawgoverning the carrier's duty to bring the vessel to a navigable state and to identify problems existing in the regulatory frameworkof this institution, as well as problems arising during the implementation of the considered duty by the parties of the contract forthe carriage of goods as foreign economic deal. The author believes that the legislator should bring these provisions in line with the Hague-Visby rules or explain the procedurefor the application of these rules in the decision of the Plenum of the Supreme court of the Russian Federation. Another problem considered, which greatly complicates the procedure for the implementation of relations for the carriage ofgoods by sea and puts the parties in a position in which there are no guarantees of the performance of each of their obligationsin relation to the other, is the real nature of the contract for the carriage of goods by sea. Due to the displacement of the momentof the agreement, the carrier has no guarantees that the ship submitted by him will be demanded, and the shipper does not haveguarantees that the vessel for loading in proper condition will be presented for the transportation of the cargo declared by him.

The relevance of this study refers to the fact that the number of fatalities and injuries in car accidents far exceeds human losseson other types of transportation. The level of driver training is one of the main factors, affecting the safety on roads. It is aimed to improvethe quality of service provision in the motor transportation system for all population of the country. This article investigates such concernsas the problem of beginners and not experienced drivers, the issues of improving the professional retraining of automobile enterpriseemployees, the problems of observing the work and rest schedule for drivers engaged in the commercial transportation of passengers andgoods. The authors developed proposals that will reduce the accident rate on the roads of the Russian Federation and improve the levelof social services from using road transportation. The article discusses the concept of driver qualifications, suggests ways to improve thelevel of driver training in driving schools, identifies factors of institutional restriction for new drivers to reduce the number of accidents onthe roads, thereby reducing the economic losses of the state related to traffic accidents. A list of the real causes for illegal behavior of non-professional drivers, deserving immediate elimination at the legislative level has been determined.

In recent years, the world community has consolidated its efforts to overcome discrimination against persons withdisabilities and to ensure their fundamental rights and freedoms. The purpose of this article is to characterize the mobility of suchpeople in Russia, to identify existing problems and prospects for their solution. The work is based on the results of a Comprehensivesurvey of living conditions of the population, which was conducted in 2016 by the Federal State Statistics Service in the monitoringmode.

In this article, the urban environment is considered as a system of certain conditions and environments, the regulationof which should be carried out within the framework of the executive authorities. The aim of the study is to identify the socio-economic foundations and opportunities for optimizing the quality of the urban environment on the example of Saransk, whosepopulation in 2018 amounted to 318.8 thousand people. The methods of sociological survey, interviews, typology, analysis ofgeoinformation systems and modeling are used in the work. The formalized assessment of the urban environment was carried outon the basis of a combination of systemic and environmental approaches. One of the residential areas of Saransk was chosen asa territorial unit, the components of the assessment were determined: natural and environmental, socio-economic, architecturaland planning conditions and the nature of public services.

In modern state-science literature, the political-economic approach to the study of the history of public administration hasnot been widely adopted. Meanwhile, the fruitfulness of this approach is to expand research issues and attract data of relatedsciences, which makes it possible to obtain more informed and reasoned conclusions. This article attempts to consider the economicbasis of such a political-managerial phenomenon as the separation of power and property. This phenomenon is a characteristic of socio-economic and political trait of feudalism. Under its influence the formation of a feudal economy took place, society wasstructured and state administration was organized. The transfer of land to the peasant led to the concentration in the hands of thelatter of all the main means of production and gave rise to self-sufficiency and economic independence of the peasant householdfrom the feudal lord. The land holdings of peasants and the ownership of labor instruments required social and legal registration and,therefore, made it necessary to recognize feudal-dependent peasants as subjects of law. The formation of a new type of landownership, which turned peasants into obligated landholders, in socio-economic terms, meant the emergence of the basic feudalland dependence of the peasants, which later became the basis for all other forms of dependence. But the emergence of land,economic in its essence, the dependence of the peasants on the feudal lord did not violate the economic independence of thepeasant economy.