Vol. 19 No. 1 (2017)

The present review is devoted to the VIII Gaidar Forum held in the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. The key discussions are presented, the views and conclusions of the main participants of the forum are reflected, the central debatable topics are discussed. The article observes a chronological order of the presentation of the material.

The panel discussion «1917-2017 years: the history lessons of the last century», which was held on January 13, 2017 in the framework of the Gaidar Forum is presented in the review. It was attended by famous Russian and foreign historians, economists, sociologists. The origins of the 1917 revolution, its causes, acting persons and lessons were the main topic. It was emphasized that the revolution is always a deep wound to the nation, a scar that remains for a long time. An urgent task of today is to contribute to the larger consolidation of views on the evaluation of the revolution in the society. There are different approaches to the assessment of the revolution: it is sometimes considered as a complete violation of all the rules, as an act of general insanity, and sometimes - as a true «golden age» of the break-through in the future, the liberation from all the superficial, mossy, dying. There are particularly important topics in the study of the revolution. These include, in particular, the situation in the Russian economy, class contradictions and confrontations, the course of the First World War, the fall of the tsarist regime. The following research topics require a new level, as the role of the Liberals, Bolsheviks in the process. The speeches of the panelists were dedicated to these and some other issues.

The author present an overview of the panel section dedicated to the EU-Russia relations, as well as the relations between Russia and Spain held in the framework of the Gaidar Forum for the first time. The event had a wide resonance in the Russian and foreign media, being a significant milestone in the political life of both countries that opened an anniversary 2017 year and is remarkable for the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the resumption of diplomatic relations between Russia and Spain. The deep analysis of the condition of the bilateral Russian-Spanish relations, as well as the dynamics of their development was made. The discussion of the sensitive issues of the cooperation between Russia and the European Union, Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly and the participation of our country in its activities was an important point. All the participants of the discussion stressed that the world needs strong and united Europe that cannot exist without Russia. The abilities to engage in a dialogue, to understand and listen to each other were noted as important factors in the interstate relations. It is the only way to solve the numerous accumulated political problems requiring understanding and trust at the background of flexible thinking and the ability to adapt to the new conditions of the changing world.

The speech of the President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Mr Pedro Agramunt during the panel discussion «Russia - Spain. The fortieth anniversary of the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries (1977-2017 years)» during the Gaidar forum in 2017 is considered in the article. The speech is dedicated to the importance and necessity of inter-country cooperation in the context of global challenges. It is argued that it is impossible to counter terrorism, migration issues in a fragmented society; only by using the synergy of efforts of all the countries of Europe it is possible to show the world an example of the civilized competition. In this regard, special attention is paid to returning relations with Russia into a normal state and finding a way out of the threat of development of a new cold war.

Financial and legal review of the Gaidar forum 2017 «Russia and the world: setting priorities», held on January 12-14, 2017 at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. The views of Russian and foreign representatives of public authorities, NGOs, business and science, expressed within the individual expert and discussion panels are presented in the review. The Forum participants noted the importance of legal basis for functioning of the economy, creation of the legislative prerequisites for the development. At the same time real needs of economic entities, creation and expansion of new industries must be in focus of the legislative activities. Special attention was paid to the problems of small and medium-sized businesses; despite the constant attention paid to them, those problems still remain unsolved. In this context the issues of the credit policy were considered which, in the opinion of the majority of Forum speakers, need correcting.

A review of annual panel discussion dedicated to the problems of auditing and state control in the framework of the Gaidar forum is presented by the authors. It is noted that such debates allow us to identify the current situation in the industry and contribute to the formulation of priorities and strategic tasks of the audit as an institution of the observance of the rights of the owners, presented either by a private firm or the state. The development of national audit as an independent element of public scrutiny allows the state to ensure rational use of national resources. Two decades ago only few people heard about auditor profession, today the industry is provided with the necessary regulatory framework and conforms with many international standards. Therefore, now the main attention is given to the risk-oriented approaches in the preparation of strategic development programs. It is emphasized that the internal and external control in business and its interaction with state regulatory bodies become more important. Reliable auditing allows to increase significantly the level of confidence as a key element to healthy functioning of the economy and attracting investment, which is particularly relevant for Russia in the current world conditions. Unfortunately, it is not possible to provide high quality of audit reports yet, that causes a decline in the credibility to market participants. The specificity of the ethical component of the profession of auditor, who checks and indicates errors of his employer, is of particular importance. To solve this problem the rotation of audit personnel is proposed. A group of priority challenges facing the industry is selected and solutions are proposed.

The review article is devoted to the issues of regional policy, budgeting areas, the problems of the system of state governance and stability in the real economy which were discussed and considered at the panel discussion of the VIII Gaidar Forum (2017), «New Regional Policy». The main points stated by the conference participants are presented.

An overview of the panel discussion of the final day of the Gaidar forum-2017 «The strategy of the future of Russia - vision of the youth» is considered in the article. The author analyzes the speeches of the participants devoted mainly to attraction of young people to the development and subsequent implementation of the Strategy for socio-economic development of Russia. It is emphasized that the young generation is going to be the main contractor of the Strategy, since its implementation is taking place during the youth's most capable years. In this regard, the vision of the youth of the model of the future of Russia must be taken into account in developing long-term plans. During the discussion it was noted that one of the most acute problems on today's agenda is the low level of trust to public authorities experienced by the young people. However, there is already a set of operating mechanisms for attracting young people to solve pressing problems, and one of the tasks of the state in this regard - the extension of the application of these mechanisms for involving more young people in the real affairs of the state. The experts stressed that one of the possible ways of increasing the trust is a public discussion of large-scale projects planned by the state. The venues allowing to discuss openly mechanisms for the implementation of projects and to choose the best options unite the efforts of the state, society and business, which in its turn extends the possibilities of the use of public-private partnerships.

This article gives an idea of the scientific debate at the Gaidar Forum - 2017 on the problems of education and science and shows the social context of the discussion. The author dwells on the speeches of Rectors of two Russian universities - the National Research University «Higher School of Economics» Yaroslav Kuzminov and Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Vladimir Mau. Basing on large scientific material the author evaluates their ideas on the issue of the future of the education system - «University 3.0». The similar issues considered at the panel discussion were also covered in the author's conversation with the doctor, professor of public law, dean of the faculty of law and political sciences of the University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, member of the National University Council (France) Christian Vallar and Dr. Wilma Rethage, head of the German representation research community (Germany). The topics of «sector» development and cooperation with Russia were discussed. In addition, the reviews of two books presented at the Gaidar Forum - Mitchell Dean. "Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society” and William Easterly - "The Tyranny of Experts: Economists, Dictators, and the Forgotten Rights of the Poor” are given in the article; these books also deal with the problems of analytical research, the increment of knowledge in modern society and the state. The author concludes that in the modern world full of uncertainties concerning building the future, science and education are the basis for the progressive development.

A wide range of issues of education has become a central theme of a number of key discussions of the VIII-th Gaidar Forum «Russia and the World: the choice of priorities». Business schools have achieved considerable success in the formation of modern innovation management knowledge by combining basic theory with the best modern practices. Business education is one of the tools affecting economic and social life of the country. However, this market grows along with the growth of the economy and is transformed in accordance with the changing situation. The leading business schools in Russia and in the world are looking for the ways of more active cooperation with the business community, while striving to preserve the fundamental nature of educational programs and strengthen their relationships with the pressing needs of the market, suggesting appropriate formats and programs. Business education today is designed not only to create professional outlook of the listener and give him the necessary tools to solve problems, but also to contribute to the development of leadership and emotional intelligence competencies critical for managers of any rank. Currently, the business education is the source and basis for training, including the country's political elite.

The article provides an analytical overview of the expert opinions presented at the VIII Gaidar forum on January 13, 2017 about the influence of the religion and national cultures on social and political processes in the modern world, the place and the role of religious and ethno-cultural factors of the local and regional level in the political-ideological dimension. Discussion platforms with representatives of state authorities, religious and public organizations, politicians and scientists have discussed actual problems of interethnic and inter-religious dialogue, national, federal and state-religious relations, the problems of institutionalization of religion, the factors and stages of formation of a civil nation in the modern Russian society, ways of legal regulation of the national question and the development of appropriate projected legislation. The diversity of religious and ethno-cultural factors taking into account political and socio-economic challenges of local, regional and global levels, the reality of a new technological modes, the specific of structure of the national economy and the radical tradition had defined the subject and the nature of the discussion. In the modern political and legal system of Russia many of the problems of the inter-religious cooperation, public-religious relations, the functioning of the legal mechanisms of ensuring the rights of citizens for the freedom of religion remain insufficiently regulated by law. Spiritual-religious and ethno-cultural spheres of life of society need greater attention and the combination of this attention with special diplomacy and prudence, which will minimize the threat of inter-ethnic and interreligious character.

The problems of modernization of professional education in the sector of public administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered in the article. The author reveals the contents of the institutional reforms implemented in accordance with the «Plan of the nation - 100 concrete steps» comprising the mechanisms of further strengthening of the statehood in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The innovations in the educational process of the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, creating optimal conditions for the training of civil servants, are described.

This article contains information characterizing the training needs of public and municipal employees of the Kyrgyz Republic, the problems of improving the quality and effectiveness of education are analyzed. The ways of improving of the current system of state and municipal employees' training with the use of determinants are suggested by the authors.

The length of service is an additional incentive for civil servants that gives the right for additional vacation days and a monthly allowance to the official salary. The existing procedures of consideration of the length of service of different working periods, the complexities and peculiarities of this procedure are described in the article. The question about the long-service pension is raised. Nowadays controversial approaches to including the periods of work in the length of service are sometimes used in various government bodies; non - uniform decisions are often taken in the same state body. The lack of the uniform standards and rules for including the periods of work in the length of service creates obstacles for the uniform implementation of the rights of civil servants and citizens' rights in the federal civil service. For purposes of unification and unity the issue of the need for additional legal regulation of this issue at the federal level is highlighted in the article.

The article reveals the urgency of the issue and analyzes similar foreign researches which serve as the basis for the development of diagnostic tool that is aimed at studying the structure of the modern leader's values. Due to the significant impact of the value system of the manager's personality on the corporate culture and, in particular, on the nature of the taken management decisions, the importance of not only studying this phenomenon, but also the need for taking it into account while implementing HR policies of the organization is noted. The article deals with the results of our own research of more than 2000 modern leaders' value orientations with the method of managerial potential assessing. The highlighted significant interrelations of the value preferences predominating both in the parent and in their own family along with the personal and professional characteristics of leaders are analyzed, their role and impact on the various components of the management activities are characterized. The fixed shift of value orientations to «spiritual comfort», «family» and «health» is studied; it determines the change in the structure of the personality qualities of the modern leader and points to the need for special attention to the formation of the value sphere of the personality even at the early stages of its formation.

The conceptual sphere "power” (Macht) in the period of its formation within the German philosophical tradition, consolidation and development in the later philosophical, textbooks and reference works (discourse of power) is considered in the article. The description of the semantics of lingual networking (SLN) of S. A. Zhabotinskaya [Zhabotinskaya, S. A., 2013. P. 47-76] was chosen as a tool of our analysis attempt of the concept sphere "power”, thus allowing to describe the language in its relation to thinking with conceptual structures and cognitive operations. In order to build the network models a set of generalized conceptual structures (basic propositions) that are tracked in the meanings and forms of language units of different levels is used. The basic propositions are highlighted on the basis of lexical meaning of words and their usage contexts; they have the highest level of generalization, or arrangement and represent original categories of thinking and the relationship between them. The type of the propositional scheme is determined by its belonging to one of the five basic frames - subjective, actional, possessive, identification, comparative. The concept sphere "power” (Macht) is identified by basic propositions backed by the lexical meaning of words and usage contexts in accordance with the representations of all five basic frames - subjective, actional, possessive, identification, comparative. In the course of the study the generic characteristics of the power were identified, which include power («Vermogen») and potency («potenzia») of Immanuel Kant, the power («Kraft») of Henry Popica and Michel Foucault, extraordinary power («Starke») of Thomas Hobbes, potentiality («Potenzialitat») and possibility («Chance») of Max Weber, the social event («soziales Geschehen») of Hannah Arendt, the ability («Fahigkeit») of Hannah Arendt, Raymond Aron, Niklas Luhmann, «power» of Hannah Pitkin. For Niklas Luhmann power is nothing else but a symbolically generalized medium of communication («symbolisch generalisiertes Kommunikationsmedium»).

The article describes an approach to assess the cost-effectiveness of investment into agricultural landscapes amelioration based on the idea of optimizing the environmental capacity of agricultural production and including an ecosystem sustainability support mechanism as its integral part. The methodology of agricultural projects' efficiency evaluation was formed by current views on operation of natural and socioeconomic systems, analysis of ecosystems, and modeling of natural and economic processes. The authors suggest a system of models and methods to forecast the long term changes that occur in key components of natural environment due to human activity (namely, land amelioration), which allows to compensate the structural damage sustained by natural landscapes, and includes a set of amelioration activities using modern farming approaches based on a harmonious balance between public interests and the course of nature.

The system of organization of the procurement activities in budgetary vocational educational institutions of the Krasnodar region is considered by the author. It is noted that the law enforcement practice is quite complex. This, in its turn gives rise to certain peculiarities and a range of problems in the implementation of procurement procedures. An analysis of the functioning of the external and internal modules of procurement was conducted on the example of the state budgetary vocational educational institution of the Krasnodar region «Tuapse hydrometeorological technical school», the main functions of the structural elements of the system and the existing laws of interaction are described. The basic system elements of the internal module of procurement among which the observable dependencies arise are the following: the management team of the state budgetary professional educational institution; structural units describing the object of procurement for their operational organization (depends on organizational structure, but as a rule, a training unit, economic unit, service units of various types); a specialist or specialist groups dealing with planning of financial and economic activities in cooperation with the chief administrator of budgetary funds (founder); a lawyer or legal team. The external module consists of Federal regulatory agencies, the Department for development of contract system of the Krasnodar region and Regional information system, the specialized procurement division of the Ministry of education, science and youth policy of the Krasnodar region with the collateral subordination structures, the Ministry of Finance of the Krasnodar region and the Ministry of economy of Krasnodar region. The conclusion of the article gives measures for improving the procurement system at the level of budget institutions.

The existing forms of reporting of the Russian non-profit organizations from the standpoint of the possibility of using this data to form a general statistical portrait of the non-commercial sector in the Russian Federation are considered in the article. In terms of the increasing importance of the non-profit sector in the socio-economic and socio-political life of the country, in the provision of social services to the population, the role of the state statistical accounting is increasing. The special sociological research of the non-profit sector is important in the analytical work; however, it is situational in nature and cannot replace the regular state statistical observation. This situation naturally raises the question of the improvement of the existing system of accounting and reporting. Statistics is aimed at forming a real picture of the status and dynamics of development. The proposals for improving the reporting and state statistics of non-profit organizations are presented in the paper, the analysis of problems of non-profit organizations associated with gross domestic product, a simplified system of taxation, the main economic indicators is presented.

The article contains the analysis of the historical prerequisites of the Iraq war in 2003.The relationship of historical, political and geo-economic factors at different stages of development of the system of international relations is considered by the author. This relationship determines an increased interest in Iraq coming from the ideologists of the foreign policy of Washington and London.

The system of constitutional and legal guarantees of the right of private property as a fundamental right of a person and citizen in the Russian Federation is presented in the article. The general (society-wide), institutional and legal guarantees of this constitutional right are considered. It is emphasized that without appropriate legal safeguards observance and even enshrinement of rights and freedoms of the citizen in the basic law remain only empty declarations. The actual implementation of human rights is ensured by the system of conditions and means. The content of the legal guarantees of realization and protection of constitutional right of private property enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Federal legislation is clarified. The guarantees of realization of the constitutional right of private property are formed by the complex of constitutional and legal arrangements providing a person with the opportunity to purchase, own, use and dispose private property without any obstacles.