Vol. 18 No. 3 (2016)

The dynamics of the number of civil servants from 1984 to 2014 is considered in the article. The hypothesis of the study that the number of personnel is an important indicator of the efficiency of the civil service reform is supposed. The method of determining the number of civil servants in comparable groups in terms of executable functions is designed and tested. It is found that the change in the number of civil servants takes place in the mainstream of socio-economic development of the country. The change of the share of civil servants in the population and among the employed in the economy is analyzed. Some proposals about the incorporation of the identified regularities during the development of reforming measures of the civil service are designed.

Certain materials of the sociological poll of the staff of prosecutors of the Ural, Siberian and far Eastern Federal districts, reflecting the opinion of them concerning the problems of the national system of law and legislation, law enforcement practice are contained in the article. The aim of the study was to synthesize conflicting data on a whole range of different issues of legal regulation: general theoretical, sectoral, and international legal issues and practical importance. The whole arrays of contradictions, conflicts and overlaps in legal regulation were identified. Special attention was paid to the respondents' assessment of the efficiency of legal acts. It is concluded that the data of legal monitoring conducted by supervisory authorities is the most revealing and important in terms of determining problems of law-making and realization of law, as well as their solving. The materials of this article can be used for a legal-theoretical and legal-practical purpose including educational activities.

The problems of the quality and accessibility of the medical services in the health institutions of the Republic of Mordovia are analyzed in the article, the main directions of their further development are defined. It is concluded that due to the implementation of the active state policy in the sphere of health care the quality and accessibility of the medical services in the region have improved.

The motivation affecting the career of senior people is considered in the article. The key factors in the length of the working life are illustrated, the risks of the age increase of the retirement to the work pension are estimated. The medical and social factors affecting the continuation of the professional activities, and protection against the loss of the labor potential of these workers are substantiated.

The article presents for the consideration the concept of the mutually beneficial participation of the Russian companies in the social responsibility. The paper presents the development of this sector by enhancing the effectiveness of its anti-corruption mechanisms. According to the author the theme is topical in the period of the desire of the corporate sector to seek for the ways of sustainable operation in a challenging economic environment. Considering the motivations of corporations to participate effectively in the social investment, the impact of the interrelated elements of the two spheres of corporate social responsibility and anti-corruption on the process has been designated.

The article is dedicated to the results of the poll conducted by the analytical department of the office of the public chamber of the Russian Federation in 2015 among the participants of the "Community” forums. The forums were organized by the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation and took place in all the federal districts with about 8,000 representatives of the non-commercial organizations and civil activists. The poll was aimed at the revealing of the attitude of the representatives of the "Third sector” to the improvement of the transparency and openness of the non-commercial organizations activities. The representatives of the non-commercial sector within the framework of the poll also appreciated the growth of the civil activity on the regional level, expressed their attitude towards the institute of the public chambers of the subjects of the Federation as the place of interaction among the civil society, authorities and business on the regional level. The poll showed that the outspoken request for the efficient place of the inter-sector dialogue was developed within the "Third sector”.

This article is a continuation of the material published in the last issue of the «Public Administration» journal, devoted to the stimulation of the entrepreneurship activities in the Russian Federation. The author presents the specific proposals in the key areas of business regulation, practical implementation of which would restore the confidence of business in the state, to reverse the negative trends in the economy and to reach the trajectory of sustainable development.

Current large-scale challenges that audit bodies in the Russian Federation face today require improved approaches to financial and budgetary control. The purpose of this article is to investigate the possibility of applying a risk-based approach in planning activities of an institution of external state financial control. The introduction of risk-based approaches to state control and supervision is currently envisaged by a number of legal acts³. The article also presents methods of determining the risk when subjects of an audit are selected. Research methodology. The study was conducted by studying normative-legal acts and publications devoted to the above-mentioned 3 Art.8.1 of Federal Law of December 26, 2008, # 294-FZ "On protection of the rights of legal entities and entrepreneurs when state control and municipal control are carried out” (ed. July 13,2015), Concept of enhancing effectiveness of observance of Labor Code and other legal acts which contain norms of labor laws (2015-2020) (approved by a decree of the government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2015, # 1028-p).

In this article the author examines the activity of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the sphere of currency policy. The author carries out analysis of transition of the Bank of Russia to the inflation-targeting framework and to the floating exchange rate regime. The new instrument of impact on exchange rate fluctuations is studied as well. This is about discrete auctions in the foreign exchange market. In the research process, positive and negative sides of this mechanism have been revealed and the relevance of its application at the moment has been considered.

The ranging of regions according to the innovative susceptibility to investments into the fixed capital is made in the article. The territories where the processes of organization of hi-tech productions aren't productively initiated are located. The conditions of attraction of domestic and foreign investments into regional innovative projects are justified. The article is prepared within the VSU state task of 2014 for performance of the state works in the sphere of scientific activity.

He increasing innovation activity is becoming a key factor in the development of competitive advantages of the regions in conditions of the economic crisis in our country, necessity to develop new areas of production, and introduction of new advanced processing technologies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the key areas of increasing innovation activity in the regions. To achieve this goal the authors considered the essence of innovation activity, analyzed the experience of innovation activity support in Russia's regions. The result of this study is conclusion that regional development it based not only on technological and product innovations affecting the material side of production processes in the region, but also on the organizational, managerial, marketing and sometimes - social innovations affecting the intangible side of the same production processes. The important areas of innovation activity are the formation and operation of systems of receipt of the new ideas, the region development projects, support for community initiatives, and the use of crowdsourcing. The Regional Development Agencies play a key role in the implementation of these directions. They help regional authorities to train their specialists, develop and implement the strategy for the development of human and social capital of the region and are involved in the promotion of goods and services for local businesses. The results and conclusions of this article can be used in further research of opportunities of increasing the innovation activity in the regions.

The main directions and problems of the actualization of the standard of the generation 3++ of the Federal State Education Standard for the program «State and Municipal Management» are considered in the article. The principled position about irreducibility of the «State and Municipal Management» program to the economics and management has been substantiated by the author of the article, the schemes of formation of the new actualized education standard, as well as the structure of the general professional competences for each level of education were developed.

The peculiarities of achievement of socially important results using strategic planning methods, the program and target method, the budgeting from the point of view of their correspondence to the knowledge of the social reality are considered by the author. Special attention is focused on identifying the opportunities of the heuristic sociological approaches to solving of the long-term development and construction of the new practices of the strategic management.

The basic notions that reveal the essence and content of the professional training of cadets of the military higher educational institutions of internal troops of the MIA of Russia are considered in the article. The author thinks that it is possible to define the line between the process and the result in the boundaries of professional training. The author concludes that the improvement of the professional training of students should be organized in two ways, the first of which is connected with the improvement of the conditions of the realization of the educational programs (vocational training) and the second with the ensuring the quality of the training of forming of the professional readiness of an officer (as a result of the vocational training).

Globalization leads to the transformation of the systems of higher education all over the world as well as to dramatic changes in the role and place of universities in the life of modern societies. The article reveals main aspects of these changes. It also raises doubt about the focus on competition among universities and preoccupation with international ranking systems that with all their superficial numeric objectivity cannot answer the question about the value of university education as a public good.

The methodological problems of political science training of the state and municipal personnel are considered in the article. Attention is drawn to the need of a comprehensive approach to enhancing the professionalism and responsibility of personnel of state and municipal service.

The article was prepared within the framework of the research work carried out by the laboratory of the civil service reform of Russia, RANEPA. The topical issues of the public administration and its transformation associated with the emergence of the concept of the electronic governance («e-governance») are described by the author. The authors analyze one of the models - the model of the DEG (digital-era governance), highlighting its conceptual features, perspectives and disadvantages. The authors hope that the approaches proposed in the article, a holistic approach, in particular will help the relevant government bodies while carrying out administrative reform in the Russian Federation.

The problem of creating a personal account of a citizen for the provision of the public services on the basis of «smart services» is considered in the article. The need for combining of the services around the citizen, which will best meet the needs of people in Russia, especially in remote areas is emphasized. This article was written on the basis of the research of the trends in the evolution of the modern information technologies, electronic government development, personal suggestions in the development of the smart services. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to innovative methods of work of the government bodies with the population on the basis of the information technologies.

The migration crisis that started in the European Union in 2015 is the topic of the most actual and urgent political debates in Europe nowadays. The article analyses the main reasons of this crisis which can be found in the security issues and the long-term military conflicts in various countries of the Middle and Near East and Africa. The authors underline the related international legal problems and the malfunctioning of the all-European structures. The EU's collaboration with Turkey in terms of the all-European border protection from the massive illegal immigration from Turkey is critically evaluated. The article shows clearly the ambiguity of the current migration policy in the European Union, for whom on the one hand, the migration is regarded as a social, economic and demographic resource and on the other hand, as the factor of pressure on the welfare system.

The article reveals the issue of the relationship of politics and economy between Russia and the EU. There is analysis of how accepted values and ideology influence the relationship between countries. The author links Russia's historic development with the way modernization is happening in the country. He goes on to describe how Russia positions itself in the world arena, presenting views of different social and political communities.

The actuality of the subject of the research is based on the increased role of the institute of the regulatory impact assessment in the harmonization of the interaction between the state, business and society in terms of the global macroeconomic instability. The purpose of research is to propose criteria, to characterize the national systems of the organization of the regulatory impact assessment in the post-soviet countries, and on this basis to classify and make typology of countries of the analyzed formation. Seven countries were included in the composition of the analyzed formation: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative analysis of the processes of the organization of national systems of the regulatory impact assessment of the post-soviet countries on the basis of criteria characterizing as the distribution of powers, as the degree of the influence on the decision-making in the sphere of the regulatory policy. The authors proceed from the assumption that the formation of the organization of national systems of the regulatory impact assessment on the one hand, is based on the existing experience of institutional design, but on the other hand, reflects the peculiarities of the interaction between the state, business and society in the specific countries. The scientific methods of research: historic and logic, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction - were also used. The conclusions characterizing the national organization of the regulatory impact assessment in the countries of the analyzed formation were made basing on the results of the study, their advantages and disadvantages were formulated. The distribution of the powers of the regulatory impact assessment between the regulators and authorities has been clarified. A ranking of the national competent authorities in terms of influence on decision-making in the field of regulatory policy has been made.

Quasi-judicial bodies, in addition to ordinary courts, play an important role in the control over local authorities activities in Canada. The status of respective bodies is analyzed in the article, their functions and limits of jurisdictional control are considered. Basing on the analysis, the efficiency problems of the forms of control in question are identified. It is noted that the powers of quasi-judicial bodies to review the decisions of local governments are too broad; insufficient mechanism of ensuring the transparency and impartiality of the quasi-judicial bodies decision-making is also stressed. However, it is clear that the reviewed institution in Canada continues to develop and, is unlikely to be expelled from the elements of jurisdictional control over local authorities activities in the foreseeable future.

The role of the Communist University of Chinese labors and the Communist University of the Toilers of the East in the training of specialists in the field of management for the PRC was comprehensively investigated in the article. On the basis of archival data the author managed to reveal the historical background of the establishment of universities, goals and objectives of the study, the influence of the educational process on students and the preparation of the communist cadres for China.

The forms of the support of the senior citizens, both in and outside the family are described in the article. Basing on statistical data, the author made conclusions about the attitude of the different age groups to such form of support for the seniors as nursing homes. In addition, such promising directions for the development of the social support services for the seniors as targeting and segmentation are considered

The information and communication processes and their peculiarities in the implementation of the crowdsourcing projects are considered in the article. It is emphasized that the participants of the project during its implementation are not only involved in the formation of a new information field, but also become a part of the information space. Considering the features of the crowdsourcing, the organizers must systematically approach the launch of new projects, to take into account the peculiarities of the communication processes and use the «strength of weak ties», i.e. to expand the informational environment by wide stakeholder engagement.

The article focuses on the revealing of the essence, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the subject of a state contract. The author examines theoretical and practical aspects and provides an analysis of the current legislation on the matter. It is proposed to expand the list of the procurement cases with the "indeterminate volume”, adding to this list not only the work and services but also the supply of goods. It is also proposed to provide the possibility of such purchases not only within the tendering procedure, but also at the request of the quotations that will help to supply the goods to the state customers.

The conceptualizing of the notion of «political expertise» is considered in the article. The concept and essence of the political expertise are revealed by the author. In addition, the relationship of the expert structures with the political decision-making authorities is shown.