Vol. 17 No. 2 (2015)

The feat accomplished by the Russian people during the Great Patriotic war is described in detail in the article. The analysis of the origins of the war is presented. Now we can often hear accusations that the Soviet Union is to blame for the outbreak of the war equally with Germany. The author describes what the cost of the Victory was. It's not a secret that the USSR suffered the biggest loss in manpower for 1418 war days. However, even on the verge of the nationwide disaster the Russian people didn't descend to nationalism being as always up to the mark of their centuriesold culture.

The article presents an analysis of the objectives and nature of the World War II and the Great Patriotic war. The author describes what the cost of the Victory won by the Soviet Union was, what the role of the allies in this war was, as well as the significance of the MolotovRibbentrop Pact. Basing on numerous archive documents the author rebuts the theory that has recently emerged in foreign countries claiming that the USSR was preparing to attack Germany in the 1930s. The article becomes topical against the ideological campaign background in Europe and worldwide aiming to redefine the role of the USSR in the defeat of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and make the Soviet Union and Germany equally responsible for the outbreak of war.

From 3600 BC to 2008 inclusive researchers counted about 15,000 wars. Military operations affected all people regardless of age, property status and gender. Although men were mainly fighting on the battlefields, they were always accompanied by memories, images and names of beloved women, instilling confidence in soldiers and giving them strength.

This article considers investigation of the main directions of the New Public Management concept implemented in developed countries and adopted in Russia. The authors discuss the main results of administrative reforms realized on the basis of this concept in developed countries, as well as identify advantages and disadvantages of the New Public Management concept and draw conclusions about the advisability of the New Public Management concept implementation in Russia. The authors also make suggestions for possible adjustment of the reform direction. This study seems to be up - to date and relevant in the light of discussing the ways of improving the state apparatus efficiency in Russia. The research results are expected to be widely used in the Russian public administration reform.

The complex research of the concept, place and value of legal regulation as a tool for public (state and municipal) administration is described in the article. Legal regulation in the public administration system is considered in two aspects as a legalnormative basis of the process and of the entire public administration system and as an integral tool (toolbar) of public administration. The tools for working with arrays of regulatory material are described. The definition of “the regulatory mechanism of the public administration” concept is proposed by the author.

In the interview with the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan Rustem Khamitov, which he gave to the deputy EditorinChief of «Public Administration» Tatiana Ilarionova, the condition of state and municipal services and actual problems of improvement of work with personnel in the office of the authorities are analyzed. Development trends of the Russian Federation subject, the Republic of Bashkortostan, are presented.

The article is devoted to the personnel policy of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The objectives and tasks of this policy are con-sidered by the author, legal acts serving as the basis for the realization of this policy are analyzed. The special attention is paid to the realization of personnel policy in public and municipal administration. Current data on numerical structure of the office of the public and municipal administration of the Republic of Bashkortostan and its peculiarities are provided.

Strengthening the state role and improving its policy of investments attraction to the oil sector of Russia are considered in the article. Besides, foreign presence in the Russian fuel and energy sector is studied. Examples of some possible acceptable for the state and investors forms of participation of foreign capital in the oil and gas complex of Russia are illustrated. The necessity of taking high priority measures in the field of state regulation of this economy sector is stressed.

The article is devoted to the methodological analysis of the creation principles of the national payment system of the Russian Federation in the context of the economic sanctions and their consequences for the Russian financial system. The relevance of this problem stems from the fact that in the course of the preparatory work for the creation of an independent payment system there occurred a number of problems associated with the choice of a base for its development and building of the principles of integration of active participants of the payment systems. There is therefore the need for the development of conceptual approaches to the creation of a national payment system in Russia that reflect the current situation and prospects of its development. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the current Russian payment system, its disadvantages and advantages, as well as the application of efficient technologies and on the actual conditions of the financial market while creating a new nationwide payment system. The research methodology of the problems defined in the article is based on the stepbystep analysis of the structural elements as a set of individual principles of the future payment system which is being formed now. The creation principles of a national payment system are discussed in the article, which together allow us to represent the future system as entire and mobile, and able to be modernized depending on the changes of various factors. The conceptual approach to the creation of the national payment system of Russia is offered to be build on the following methodological principles: continuity of accumulated experience; regulatory provision; information security; technological advantage; centralization of management; social orientation and accessibility to a wide range of payment services for consumers.

The article is devoted to the implementation of the principles of openness of the state civil service through the development of publicadministrative culture. Characteristics and elements of publicadministrative culture, main mechanisms of its formation: legal, organizational, informational and communicative, educational and preventive, controlling are described by the authors. The advantages and prospects of formation of open publicadministrative culture in public institutions are considered.

The article is based on the results of the research work “Formulation of proposals for various methods of financial incentives in state civil service” conducted in 2014 as a part of the state assignment by the employees and experts of the Center for Public Administration Technologies, Institute for Applied Economic Studies of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, among others - Yuzhakov V.N., Dobrolyubova E.I., Alexandrov O.V., Klochkova E.N., Maslennikova E.N., Tatarinova L.N., with the participation of the Lipetsk branch of the RANEPA, including - Shiukina T.V., Brusentsova V.A. The key results of collecting, compilation and analysis of the data on financial incentives practices of state civil servants submitted by 73 federal executive bodies are presented in this article. According to the analysis presented in the article, the existing system of financial incentives of the state civil servants is not oriented on improving their performance, it is nontransparent and depends on many subjective factors. The use of this system leads to significant differentiation in pay levels among position groups and individual state civil servants.

The article is based on the results of the research work “Development of the recommendations for rationing of the staffing levels of the federal state civil servants employed by federal services and federal agencies performing the state control (surveillance) func- tions and rendering public services”, conducted in 2014 as a part of the state assignment by the employees and experts of the Center for Public Administration Technologies, Institute for Applied Economic Studies of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, among others - Dobrolyubova E.I., Yuzhakov V.N., Klochkova E.N., with the participation of the SouthRussian Institute of Management of the RANEPA and Vologda branch of RANEPA, including Rudoi V.V., Ovakimyan M.A., Sheburakov I.B. The staffing levels of the state civil service are analyzed in the article and the perspectives of using rationing methods for the state civil servants as a tool of increasing public management effectiveness are justified. According to the author the procedures of the staffing levels rationing of the state civil servants should be considered in a broader context of the strategic management of personnel based both on the existing personnel resources and on the forecasting personnel demand, with due regard to the change in subject, scope, and ways of execution of public functions and provision of public services.

The materials presented in this article are based on the experience of the development of methods of the rationing of the regular number of state civil servants. The determination of the optimal staff levels involves not only quantitative calculation, but also a qualitative assessment of the needs of public authorities in staff. It is noted that the quantity rationing is an independent tool for improving the efficiency of public bodies by adjusting the expenses for the administrative staff maintenance, as well as through the provision of personnel component of achieving goals and objectives. Effectiveness of such rationing is determined by various factors. As a main factor of real optimization of the number of employees, it is proposed to consider the optimization of existing business processes that directly affects the overall complexity of the performed works in the civil state agency. In its turn, optimization of processes and procedures is associated with clarity of tasks for improving the efficiency of the public authority, with the interest of employees in such optimization, incentive systems, etc.

The article analyzes the theory and practice of introduction of ethics into public administration, in particular creation of various ethics codes of the official behavior of public officials. The formal approach to the fight against corruption is criticized by the author, the author insists on the reform of the administrative morality and deviation from the market criteria of the public officials’ effectiveness. The effectiveness of the anticorruption fight lies in the cultivation of intolerance of the moral principles trading.

The possibilities of the ethics code of conduct for state and municipal officials in corruption fight are researched by the authors. The basic norms of ethical codes in the USA, Canada and Germany are analyzed in the article. The codes of ethics of the subjects of the Russian Federation are discussed, the problems connected with their implementation are examined. The problem of the realization mechanism of ethics codes of conduct for the state and municipal officials is also studied by the authors.

Various assessments of the corruption problem in the activities of the state bodies of the Russian Federation are considered in this article, including its personnel aspects in the bodies of state and municipal government; main sources of corruption reproduction are determined and its threat degree in modern Russian conditions is evaluated. Sociological analysis of corruption problem is based on the data of sociological research conducted by the staff of the Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration in the framework of the state order of 2014.

The article analyzes the contradiction of anticorruption policy in Russia - the coincidence of subject and object in the fight against corruption. The underdevelopment of social control mechanisms and system of nonprofit organizations aggravates the problem. The contradiction will be preserved for the following reasons: features of the «big state» model in Russia; autonomy of the regions of Russia while creating the legal environment; service culture peculiarities of the Russia’s civil servants. The facts and statistics that prove the author’s conclusions are presented.

The phenomenon of globalization and its paradox, the nature of changes in global politics, economy and security are revealed in the article. The role of the Russian Federation in global processes is examined. The analysis of reasoning about the identity of Russia is presented. In addition, the issue of the consequences of the events inside and around Ukraine in the regional and global scale is considered.

The article is a review of the manual «Economy and management organization of a large city», prepared by the author’s team of specialists under the guidance of the Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, VicePresident of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences P.I. Burak. This theme becomes particularly significant in connection with everincreasing proportion of the urban population of the Earth. Big theoretical and practical experience of the authors of this manual allows to illustrate visually the main problems encountered in large cities of different countries, as well as to identify possible ways of their solution taking into account national specific character and socioeconomic development peculiarities.

Contradictions between Sharia law and international human rights law is one of the most acute problems of the human rights protection in Islamic countries. Although Sharia law implementation is strictly limited by the national law, this law system seriously influences the society. In some cases Sharia law enforcement can play a positive role in human rights strengthening.

The status of the partially recognized state is defined in the article, forms of its international cooperation and prospects of cooperation with the leading world states are described. The possibility of legal actions taken by the partially recognized states is studied by the author.

Features of juridical responsibility for tax violation in Federal Republic of Germany are examined by the author. Particular attention is given to the demarcation line between tax crime and tax offences. The «dual» model of differentiation is presented: a quantitative one in which the criterion of differentiation is the degree of social danger of the crimes and a qualitative one emanating from the different objects of assault.

Norway and Sweden were cultural homogenous societies partly away from Europe´s mass immigration from Asian and African countries until the last two decades of the 20th century. The authors investigate social and cultural consequences of transformation of these countries into a “desirable social paradise” for dozens of refugees, illegal immigrants and migrant workers (“Gastarbeiter”). Having turned down immigration policy liberalization and preserved the main state principles of providing all legal immigrants with rights and freedoms support, Norway and Sweden have toughened their legislation during the last decade for the sake of strengthening social, economical and political stability of the society. The article shows the common traits and specific features of the immigration situation in both countries and institutional grounds for admission policy of new immigrants and their social and cultural integration. The authors analyze the connection between the problem of non constructive strategy of the socio cultural adaptation of the citizens with immigration and Islamic cultural backgrounds and the rise of xenophobic moods in the society and stronger support for rightwing populism and antiIslamic radicalism. Both the welfare state and liberal values face big challenges which may come like a thunderbolt for the social system in general.

The institutional aspect of the problem of creation of the effective management system of the state civil service in the Russian Federation is considered in the article from the sociological point of view. The applied aspect of the sociological analysis is based on the data from various studies on topical problems of the public administration, including the research conducted by the author in 2014.

Noting the need for extensive investment, the author considers possible risks from foreign investments in the domestic economy. The fact that Russia still has to develop an optimal mechanism for attracting foreign capital, which would fully ensure the economic security of the country, is considered in the article. Investment security should be considered as one of the most important elements not only of an economic subsystem but also of the national security of the Russian Federation. The author insists on the idea that public authorities while assessing the state policy of the foreign investment attraction should always search for a compromise between creating more open environment for foreign investments and realization of their national interests.

The article covers the analysis of staterealized measures focused on development of the tourist industry of Russian regions. The Crimean federal district is reviewed as an example; its support at present is one of the priorities in the state policy of the Russian Federation. Taken by the federal level authorities anticrisis measures for stabilization of the tourism services market that have a major role in the socioeconomical development of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol city and their integration in the tourist space of Russia are assessed by the author on the basis of the reported statistical data of the executive tourism authorities. Recommendations on statesupport measures proposed in the article can be used by the federal and regional authorities for the new programs development or for the efficiency improvement while executing the existing goaloriented programs of tourism development.